Christianity and Islam Essay Example for Free

Christianity and Islam EssayChristianity and Islam ar two very significant Religions in the world today. Although they celebrate very different things, or so of the things they celebrate are very similar. There are many differences between some(prenominal) religions predominantly with the way they celebrate festivals. On the other hand the rules that both religions follow are quite similar.Christianity stands as the most widespread religion with over 2 billion followers. Christians believe that there has only been one matinee idol and he is the one who created everything on the earth today. The main festivals that Catholics celebrate are Lent, Easter and Christmas. In Christianity these festivals are very momentous and are always celebrated. The priming behind why Christians celebrate these festivals is because it reminds Christians the way Jesus lived his life up to when he passed away. In the Christian Religion there are different uncanny leaders starting with the Pope, Priests, Bishops and Jesus. Christians attend Churches to pray to beau ideal and ask him for legitimate things but most importantly to celebrate significant days on the Catholic calendar.Islam began around 600AD in the Arabian Peninsula. The Islam friendship believes in one God called Allah. Islam was revealed to the prophet Mohammad in Mecca which is now modern-day Saudi Arabia. The key festivals that the Islamic community celebrate are called Ramadan which celebrates the gift of the Koran, Eid-al-Fitr which celebrates the first day after Ramadan has been completed, Dhu Al-Hijia and lastly the Eid-al-adha which is the festival of Sacrifice which occurs 70 day after the ending of Ramadan. Mohammad is an important singular when it comes to the history of Islam. He was the first person to ever be revealed to Islam and after his death many plenty began to follow Islam. His death gathered more batch together and a wider community began to believe in the Religion of Islam. The Isla mic community practices the five pillars of Islam which are Shahadah, Salaah, Zakat, Saum and Hajj. alter Wednesday is the beginning of a 40 menses which is called Lent. It is important because we follow Jesus journey in the desert where he was forced to fast for 40 days. The time of Ash Wednesday becomes somewhat flexible as the date changes in the Liturgical Calendar. Sundays are not counted during the time of Lent which honours the Resurrection. Lent is a time of soul-searching and repentance. Traditionally on Ash Wednesday, Christians attend a mass where ashes are placed on their forehead as a sign or remorse and mourning. They are also the symbol of willingness to prepare themselves for the events which lead Easter. During Lent, Christians abstain from eating certain foods which they desire on a daily basis. In the Western Church, Christians wipe out a tendency to to slip away up meat. The term fasting is a personal act of devotion to God. It also helps us remember God. Abs taining from something that you enjoy is designed to bring you appressed to God and helps you become a better Christian. Also during Lent, the Catholic Church encourages Christians to give back to the community or all across the world by handsome loose change or clothing to help the less fortunate.Ramadan is a period of time to abstain from eating during daylight hours of the day this is only for people with a Muslim background. It is important to the Muslim community because it was the time where God declared the Koran to the prophet Mohammed. Ramadan occurs during the Ninth month of the lunar calendar when a new moon is occurring. The fasting period of Ramadan is quite different compared to the fasting period of Lent. In Ramadan, the Muslim community it is only permitted for people to eat and inebriety during Sunrise and then break their fast by eating dates only again at sunset. Not only do they abstain from eating during certain times of the day, they do not smoke, they absta in from sexual intercourse, and devote a whole month to their Religion. Muslims find it very difficult to not eat during the day, peculiarly mothers with younger children. These difficulties arise when you are hungry and preparing food for younger children as you become tempted into eating. Not everybody in the Muslim community need to refrain from eating, children that have not hit puberty, pregnant women or breastfeeding women, people who are sick or people who are on a journey. Ramadan is designed to bring them closer to Allah, strengthen their willpower and self-control and is a test of self-discipline and faith.Christianity, Lent, Islam and Ramadan are very similar because their beliefs and festivals are very similar to each other although their Religions are very different. The things which the Muslim community believe in are surprisingly similar to what Christians believe in also.

The Lasting Impresion of Reality Tv and Its Lack of Moral Essay Example for Free

The Lasting Impresion of Reality Tv and Its Lack of Moral EssaySo in order to keep up ratings shows were forced to show what mass wanted to see. As our country has slowly let go of morals and standards, its people have been forced to adapt. Reality television has been forced to diminish all possibilities for ever being labeled as moral. It has taken a direction for the worsened and shows today lack little meaning or value. In its most current state, television shows force its younger viewers to grow up faster, make younger and younger kids do adult things. These ingenuousness shows exemplify things such(prenominal) as sex, drugs, violence, and self-harm. Television producers these days simply have no problem exposing the early days to this rubbish. In fact, the producers are specifically targeting the youth with their unmoral and controversial shows. They often reward the rebel characters with extra TV time or book them for another reality show, while the moral and respectabl e characters are made out to be boring and hardly ever get rewarded.America keeps asking what is making individually generation less and less moral, but they fail to recognize what kinds of examples are being set. Children have not become more influential, they simply have been influenced by worse things. In the past few years, there has been a major change to reality television that diminishes its moral teaching reputation. From music videos of half cutting women to reality shows full of betrayal, lies, and more vulgar than most can handle, the state of American television is in trouble.So where can you turn to when you want to head off these unmoral shows and watch something good for a change? Well there is no clear-cut answer. Sadly, even some of the biggest networks such as CBS and NBC have started targeting the young push with shows that are completely inappropriate. The only solution to this problem is to simply search around a bit to find the perfect show for you. Use sit es such as TVguide. com and Amazon. com to check out some reviews and customers opinions on the show before you start getting into it..

Research on crowd behaviour

Research on crowd behaviourOn April 11 2001 Ellis Park Stadium in Johannesburg was filled beyond capacity as mint rushed to purchase football match tickets. Police and security officials struggled to contain the crowd and a stampede leadred. The crush resulted in around 250 injuries and 43 deaths. (Mason, 2001) press behaviour can be surprising when individuals join a sort and behave in a manner which is out of character. This was certainly the state of personal business in this baptismal font, as the behaviour displayed that night was not characteristic of South African soccer spectators. (Ngoepe and Semenya, 2002) The question therefore arises as to what influences the behaviour of the crowd. This discussion will consider the situationors affecting individuals once they are part of a group by applying the count of crowd behaviour specifically to this case. Research, theories and debates will be considered on with the implications this all has for social psychology in the fu ture.From Le Bons perspective, this stampede is a classic example of crowd behaviour, where individuals lose their sense of self and responsibility by being anonymous members of a crowd, and are susceptible to contagion and suggestibility. The LeBonian and Freudian plenty of the crowd as pathological and abnormal (Ngoepe and Semenya, 2002) is reinforced in this case as members trampled over others in a bid to save themselves. (Mason, 2001) Le Bon proposed that basic, primitive instincts then arise, making violence and anti-social behaviour more likely. (Hogg and Vaughan, 2008) And violence most certainly ensued in this situation. Gates were ripped apart, many places around the stadium were being vandalised and several people were consequently crushed to death. (Ngoepe and Semenya, 2002)What both Le Bon and Freuds theories overlook in time is the importance of the social dynamics of the event. They give no consideration to grievances and social conflicts (Reicher, 2001), nor do the y take into account the inter-group relations between the police/security and the crowd. In this case, the stampede began when the untimely announcement was given to several thousand people who had travelled from all over the country that tickets for the event were sold out. (Ngoepe and Semenya, 2002) The Final physical composition states that this was one of the causes of the tragedy. It is therefore important to consider further explanations of crowd behaviour.Festinger, Pepitone and Newcombes research (1952), and Zimbardos Stanford Prison Study (****) placed great emphasis on anonymity and conclude that deindividuation was a key factor in violent behaviour and loss of self awareness.(Hogg and Vaughan, 2008) It is difficult in this case to measure levels of anonymity however. Other theorists subsequently revised this model as a result of research (Postmas and Spears, 1998, Diener, 1980) and Reicher at el (2001) argue that the individual doesnt lose his identity in the crowd al one takes on a new social identity. This is an important point for this case as it implies that an individuals behaviour and perspectives will be determined by the type of group that is involved. Reicher (2004) identifies that the values and standards of a crowd of Catholics will be very different from a crowd of soccer supporters This begins to address the suggestion in the case study that this wouldnt have happened at a cricket or rugby match. But does this mean disasters are inevitable in football crowds?Turner and Killians Emergent norm Theory (****) changed the approach to crowd behaviour by identifying the presence of norms that emerge from within the crowd which are deemed to be goal orientated (Hogg and Vaughan, 2008) Indeed, the crowds goal was to touch on a place to watch the football match and this could have led to the crush. Social Identity Theory begins to consider wider factors affecting the crowd and addresses the conflicts that may occur between groups which was a considerable factor in this case. Police and security personnel, in keeping with Le Bons view of the crowd as primitive, base and stern (Le Bon 1908), were deemed to be hostile to the spectators and displayed a general disrespect for their dignity. (Ngoepe and Semenya, 2002) The preconceived views of security personnel may have served to further escalate the situation and to increase feelings of antagonism in crowd members. (Stott and Reicher, 1998) Social psychologys theories on aggression can also be drawn upon to further elaborate on the event but the propose of this discussion is to deal primarily with corporal behaviour. The Elaborated Social Identity Model identified two conditions whereby the crowd may resort to violence and truculent behaviour either an out group behaves in a counseling that is deemed as unfair or unwarranted, or others act in a way that prevents the crowd doing what they feel is legitimate. (Reicher 1996) And both of these conditions seem to be pres ent in this situation. The crowd were prevented from accessing the stadium and they were subject to tear gas and aggressive conduct. (Ngoepe and Semenya, 2002).The focus appeared to be on crowd control rather than safety. (Mason, B 2001) The question therefore arises as to whether football crowds are thought of and treated differently to other groups by police, security and event planners.Social psychology plays a vital role in explaining crowd behaviour and later theories are particularly useful for the fact that they consider wider aspects than just the crowd itself. They acknowledge that the crowd does not behave in isolation but is subject to influence from the environment and other groups. Theories regarding anonymity were difficult to apply in this case but pauperisationed to be considered for the influence they have had on other theorists. It is interesting to note that both LeBons and Freuds view of the crowd was mirrored by security personnel. This is a key factor which ne eds to be considered further by event planners, police and security companies. Indeed, it is compulsory that these groups gain a better understanding of crowd behaviour in order to prevent future mistakes and disasters. Whilst it is easy to adopt the view of the crowd as an aggressive mob, it is very inaccurate to do so. Not only is it inaccurate, it is dangerous and potentially life-threatening. (Reicher et al, 2004)During this discussion, questions have been raised which remain unanswered. They lead to the identification of areas in need of further research in the field of social psychology namely crowd types, particularly football crowds stewards and crowds preconceived ideas about football crowds inter-group dynamics and collective aggression. Whilst acknowledging that research on crowds can be difficult to implement, it is vital that further research is undertaken to prevent a repeat of this disaster.

Marketing plan and analysis of Al Hilal foods

grocery placeing blueprint and abridgment of Al Hilal foodsThe brand has great opportunity to come in cities early(a) than Lahore, Islamabad, Karachi, Faisalabad and Multan as they have created much credibility in hulky cities of Pakistan. 11Also it has opportunity to GO GLOBAL. Customers outside Pakistan have to a greater extent hardcore behavior towards Pakistani harvestings so there is a chance for this brand to perplex globally. 11Threats 113. belowstand the gimmick of a merchandise plan 123.1 Produce the selling plan for your organization 12Executive summary 12Current grocery patch 13SWOT analysis 13Objectives and issues 14merchandising scheme 14 consummation programs 15Controls 153.2 Risk in selling plan and Mitigation st set upgies 15Risks 15Mitigation strategies 153.3 greatness of each comp whiznt of the plan 164.Understand to Promote the trade political platform in Support of Strategic Objectives 164.1 How the plan supports strategic objective 16Plans of Fresher and their support to objectives 164.2 Out decline an approach to gain correspondence of the marketing plan 175.Conclusion 176.References 19Introduction to Al-Hilal FoodsAl-Hilal foods is a Pakistani comp each consumeed by Mr. Ch. Farrukh Sattar. The organization exited about 10 to 15 years ago. At that clip it made only when 1 reaping line i-e Sultan Ghee. later on flourishing in that playing field it introduced its new product line i-e hotshot C% pure succuss a brand named as FRESHER in 2009. The brand flourished in just one year finished WORD OF MOUTH marketing dodge and gave a tough competition to other big brands like Nestle, Minute Maid etc. Al-Hilal is listed a listed company.Fresher was first introduced in 5 flavors that beMangoGuavaPeachStrawberryorange treeAfter fabulous success of these all flavors Fresher introduced a new flavor called FALSA.As Fresher gained success within period of only one year they introduced new brands in 2010 names BOOMER an d COOLER.Boomer is a fizzy drink and has 3 flavorsOrangeLemonColaWhile armoured combat vehicle has 4 flavors that argonAppleOrangePineappleGrapesThe Fresher company is working hard day by and moving forward in the field of 100% pure juices.MissionTheir mission is to promote locally.VisionTheir vision is prosperity of Pakistan.( Ref. 7)Understand How The marketing Plan Supports Strategic Objective2.1 Explain how the dodge of your organization Impacts Upon marketing planningStrategyStrategy is a long term works/plans which are made by some organization to achieve their gay targets/goals. (Ref- 1)According to Michael Porter the strategy is all about the mixture of contrary activities which are differentiated from competitors to pronounce unique mix of value. To him its all about differentiating yourself from clients as well as competitors. (Ref-2)Without a strategy the organization is like a ship without a rudder, going around in circles Joel Ross Michael KamiMarketing strategyA marketing strategy is a process or model to fall by the wayside a company or organization to focus limited resources on the crush opportunities to increase sales and thereby achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. (Ref-3)The set of objectives which an organization allocates to its marketing function in order to support the boilersuit corporate strategy, together with the broad methods to achieve these objectives Chartered institutes of marketingThe above two examples show that , marketing strategy is actually the strategy that support overall corporate and which a company has to recitation efficiently to market its products on best opportunities while converging the limited resources to achieve its goal.Marketing planningMarketing planning is a logical sequence and a series of activities leading to the setting of marketing objectives and the markulation of plans for achieving them (Ref-4)Now we hindquarters interrelate all the above terms with the stand by of diagram below.Business GoalsMarket StrategyMarketing MixMarketing PlanThe above diagram shows that an organization has to set work goals which are actually the target of company or mission statement. The next level comes of marketing strategy which is esteemed rule that company has acquired to market their products. After establishing the market strategy company moves forward towards marketing mix in which it define the whole marketing mix i-e Product, Pricing, Place and Distribution. Afterwards the process of musical com present of marketing plans comes in which company has to describe the whole market activities which are used to acquire business goals. (Ref-3)2.2 Impacts of strategy on marketing planningUnder this capitulum the strategies of organization leave behind be discussed and the impacts of that strategies on the marketing of organization will be detectd. What result that strategies will throw on organizations long brave out and short run will also be discussed.Here we are talking about Fresher marketing plans. As described earlier it is a Pakistani local company that is making 100% pure juices and this is one of the marketing strategy of Fresher that describe it distinguishes from others. The company has many competitors in the uniform line of 100% pure juices i-e Nestle, Shezan, Minute Maid etc. But the Fresher is successful yet to master(prenominal)tain the no. 1 purview in the brands of 100% pure juices. And also Fresher is successful to withstand its positioning against Nestle and other strong brands like Minute Maid.The benefit what Fresher will get due to this strategy is that competitors are non attaching it from all the sides. Only odoriferous juice companies are interested to attach its strategies. It has no concern with any other product line of competitors.Another strategy of Fresher is that they are using PET BOTTLES sort of of juice boxes which made their product easy to use for the customers and the look of their brand product is totally different from others. They are also using SHRINK WRAPS for the packaging of their products. The one more thing that clear ups their product divert is tags hanged with the bottle of juice on which a little description of brand and ingredients are written. These tags make the look of the product more elegant and it again helps to make a strong positioning of the brand.The promotion strategy that Fresher following is WORD OF MOUTH. They are using any other strong promotion strategy which again differentiate the brand from others in market. But as they are not focusing the advert strategy instantaneously when they that much stabled in market, they tin can spoil their positioning as well.Fresher has strong distribution strategy which has been helping the brand to be strong so far i-e they used digress OUT strategy of distribution. They started the distribution of their product from their own urban center and then they spread it in other cities with the passage of time when they had grown enough in the market. The strategy has a benefit that other strong competitors like Nestle, Minute Maid etc didnt notice such small brand and didnt take action for that. In the meanwhile Fresher entered in the market and had got a strong market positioning. Fresher had got another benefit of this strategy that is they maintained their resources with it. They started distributing their product in their city only and when they have gain enough money they spread it over other cities of Pakistan as well.2.3 Component parts of a marketing plan split/Categories with which a marketing plan is made up of are called components of marketing plan. Here the heading will elaborate all of its parts one by one.Executive SummaryIt is the first component of the marketing plan which explains the summary of the whole marketing plan for the quick review by the management of the company. in general three issues are mentioned in this part.The ChallengeChallenge consists of a little e laboration of product for which marketing plan is made and the summary of goals such as sales figures and strategic goals..Company AnalysisCompany analysis mostly consists of the answers to following questionsWhat are goals of the company? To what thing it focuses more? What are the strengths of that company? From what stopping point it belongs? What are weaknesses of the company? And in what market theatrical roles it exists? etc.Competitor AnalysisIn competitors analysis a short topic about competitors weaknesses, strengths, market position and market shares is presented. (Ref-5)Current marketing situationIts a marketing audit which shows the current market situation of the company by comparing it with the past situation of its own and with the market situation of competitors. It presents data about the market, product, competition and distribution.SWOT analysisSWOT analysis is basically the analysis in which strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats think to the product (to be marketed) are given to have a complete look on companys analysis. The strongs internal environment presents strength and weaknesses while outer provides opportunities and threats.Objective and issuesThis heading defines the objectives of company in different areas such as market share, sales, network etc. Also this category will deal with all the issues and problems that effect these objectives.Marketing strategyIn this category a marketing strategy or approach is recommended to achieve the peculiar(a) objective. It is the main and important part of marketing strategy structure. The strategies will elaborate the marketing mix (product, hurt, distribution, promotion) as well.Action programsIn this step a report is given about details of marketing strategy. The report answers such questions like how will all plan start? Who will do it? What will be the cost of all plan? Etc.ControlsIndicates how the senesce of the plan will be monitored.2.4 Risks and advantages in the de vised marketing planRisksFresher is having a big threat in the market due to its lack of advertisement strategy now when it has gain that much credibility. Other competitors in the market has built strong image through their advertisement promotion strategy. Now it is the time when Fresher might think of making a strong and highly mesmeric advertisement to throw behind all the competitors.Fresher is not having a properly educated team of employees and it dont have proper plane sections such as HR department, RD department, Marketing department etc. So the employees working in the competitors firm are more competent and they can make proper decision at proper time. Fresher has to work on it as well. It may form a proper team so that they can compete in the leading market.As Fresher employees are not that educated in their particular field, they have disagreement in the selection of strategies. This is the study risk for the Fresher in the market as it can lead to fall of the comp any.AdvantagesFresher has narrow down workers only in the field of making juices. Their worker bes the formula and they are best trained workers in juice making as they have to make only one product line at one time and they concentrate fully on it while competitors of Fresher have more than one product line so their workers have less command on juice making.The earlier promotion strategy of Fresher (word of sing strategy) is quite arresting as no competitor can concentrate on upcoming new brand in this way. It gave Fresher to expand rapidly in market.The different packaging of Fresher bottle made them different and they expand undoubtedly in the fresh juice market.The biggest advantage to Fresher was the introduction of 100% fresh juice first in the market which make them differentiate from the competitors and therefore they expand rapidly.2.5 SWOT analysis of Fresher JuicesThe company is new in market and has no good setup so they have not worked on their SWOT analysis by the mselves. I made its SWOT analysis by my own conclusions and analysis of the company. Here are some strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities for the company.StrengthsThey have short brand name which a basic strength of Fresher. Brand name is thus easy to remember by customers so its get in market increases. And it is also flourishing in middle and low class segmentation of customers (as the customers in such classes are mostly uneducated) just because of its short brand name and easy memorizing quality. briefly brand name also creates word of mouth slow.The highest market share in the product line of 100% pure juices is gained by Fresher.It has best attractive packaging of its juice bottles so far that is a main strength and attraction of customers towards this brand.Its availability is much good as compared to other brands in the market. decrepitnessesThe brand is new in the market so it is not financially strong as compared to competitors. It will take some time to becom e financially strong for which it has to strong its marketing.Advertisement is weak and now when the brand has earned much credibility its essential for it to make powerful advertisement to make it more strong and reliable as brand has less or move up to no TVC recall.Positioning is the major weak point of the brand. They have to make it strong to further grow in the market.OpportunitiesThe brand has great opportunity to grow in cities other than Lahore, Islamabad, Karachi, Faisalabad and Multan as they have created much credibility in big cities of Pakistan.Also it has opportunity to GO GLOBAL. Customers outside Pakistan have more loyal behavior towards Pakistani products so there is a chance for this brand to grow globally.They can launch more brands as well which is again a great opportunity for the company to grow.ThreatsFresher has promoted its products only through word of mouth so its a great threat for it. Other competitors that are promoting their products through advertis ement and other strategies of promotion can gain more repute.If a pre-established brand of outside the country launches its product here in Pakistan, there would be a great threat for Fresher as it is a new brand here.The strengths and weaknesses come from internal origin of organization while opportunities and threats come from external origin of organization.Helpful to achieving goalsHarmful to achieving goalsStrengthsShort brand nameHighest market sharePackaging strengthAvailability strengthWeaknessesFinancially weakWeak advertisementWeak positioningOpportunities developing in small cities of PakGo globalLaunch more brandsThreatsLack of promotion strategiesOther brandsUnderstand the construction of a marketing plan3.1 Produce the marketing plan for your organizationExecutive summaryChallengesThe companys product is 100% pure juices and its target customers are mainly diet conscious pack, children, upper class, upper middle class and middle class society. But it can also target to lower class customers easily as juice is a thing which a normal person use in everyday life. The product is already differentiated from others because it falls in 100% pure juice category. And Fresher was the first to start this category in Pakistan.Company analysisThe Fresher is a new company in 100% pure juices product line. The company has high market share due to its previous marketing strategies in which main one is word of mouth through which it was promoted and gained the high market share rank. The companys weaknesses are finance, weak advertisement and weak positioning. Here we are designing some strategies by which its growth rate can increase and it can maintain its market share. It can make its advertisement strong and so its positioning too.Competitors analysisFreshers competitors are companies who make 100% pure juices like Nestle, Minute Maid etc. Now if we come to Nestle, the company has a big weakness that it is dealing with 100% pure juice as well as nectars on the alike time which make their focus diverted to both lines in the same time. While its strength is, it has a strong brand positioning earned by other product lines first. Market share of Nestle is lower than that of Fresher but market position is strong enough.Current market situationThe current market situation of Fresher is going not that bad when we talk about its distribution in big cities. The Fresher has the highest market share in product line of 100% pure juices while all other competitors have left behind. The demand of Fresher is also increasing day by day due to its good taste and flavors. Its giving a tough competition to its competitors in the market. Competitors didnt notice it first because it used only word of mouth marketing strategy first and took benefit of this strategy to achieve its goals. But in promotion the other companies (competitors) are moving forward to it now as it is lacking its interest in promotions. The Fresher has best packaging as well.SWOT an alysisStrengthsShort brand nameHighest market sharePackaging strengthAvailability strengthWeaknessesFinancially weakWeak advertisementWeak positioningOpportunitiesGrowth in small cities of PakGo globalLaunch more brandsThreatsLack of promotion strategiesOther brandsObjectives and issuesThe main objective of Fresher is to maintain its market share in the line of 100% pure juices.Then it also wants to expand its business in other cities as it is a good opportunity for it to grow more in the market.The increase of sales is required for the increase in profit.To make strength of positioning.Now the main issue is that the other companies in the same product line are also struggling hard to compete the market share of Freshers. The Fresher has to maintain its demand by which it can maintain its market share. The issue concerning the expansion of the brand in other cities is to face the other local brands in those cities.Marketing strategyFresher makes following marketing strategies to ach ieve its goals.Fresher has to focus on advertising strategies such as TVC, radio commercials, Print media ads etc. Ads can be made more attractive by using advertisement marketing strategies such as humor, fun, models or TV actors etc. The attractive the advertisement will be the more the customer will be attracted towards the product.They can use different distribution strategies to promote their brand more e.g they can distribute abandon samples in the areas where product is not known enough. They can fit stalls in main areas/markets of different cities for the promotion.As children are more attracted towards juices and pure juices are good for their health, they can adopt different activities for children to attract this group of consumers. Also the fresh juices are mostly used by diet conscious people so Fresher can also use the same strategy of activity conductance for these consumers as well. In this way they attract their most targeted customers.All these strategies can hel p to achieve goals of company. agreeable advertisement and free sample distribution can help to expand business in small cities and activity based strategy can help to increase sales. Hence all these type of strategies can be used to increase sales, increase in profit and to maintain the high market share.Action programsNow it is turn to plan the actions. Fresher can appoint workers to fulfill these strategies. First of all Fresher has to maintain proper departments such as HRM department, RD department, Marketing department, Finance department and so on like this. Then Fresher has to assign them their duties. Human resources department will manage human resources which are one of the major sources Fresher needs. Marketing department will implement these strategies and will check the results. Finance department will assign finances to each department and make a check and balance on it. Plan can be started from distribution of the products as free samples. So that more and more peop le in other cities can know about the brand. It will increase sales and profit as well. Now this finance can be invested on advertisement and other strategies and so on. The cost of all the strategies will be planned by finance department and marketing department as these are marketing strategies.ControlsThe system cant be effective and efficient until and unless it is supervised and controlled properly. So the control in implement of these strategies is also very important. Here marketing managers of Fresher will be the persons who look after all these things and implement strategies.3.2 Risk in marketing plan and Mitigation strategiesRisksRisks in above strategies are only few.As company is not financially strong as compared to its competitors so might it cant afford advertisement expenses.The other risk could be short term effect (which is never been required) of some strategies like activity based strategy etc.Mitigation strategiesIf finances do not allow Fresher to make an attr active advertisement then Fresher can go for rank purchasing in commercial complexes like Hyperstar, Metro etc as it costs less than that of advertisement. The benefit of this strategy will be that the people of every targeted market of Fresher can gain knowledge about the product easily. It would be a long term effect of marketing strategy.Activity based strategy would be short term strategy so instead of this we can use another strategy in which Fresher can appoint some of its employees ( sales persons) to sale their product at low price or less profit by going door to door in different colonies of different cities. It could have a long term effect on consumers mind.3.3 Importance of each component of the planFirst component is executive summary. The summary explain the whole summarize data of the plan in short form so that the reader or to which report is being presented can save his/her time and he/she can found what is written privileged the report and whether the report is me aningful or not? The executive summary has a lot of importance in marketing plan as it contains companys challenges, companys analysis and competitors analysis.2nd component of the plan is current market situation. It is necessary to provide so that a marketer or person who has to act upon the plan should know that at what level the company stands and what level they have to move to increase growth rate of the company.The third component of the plan is SWOT analysis. Mentioning it in the plan in necessary because it helps to analyze the strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats of the business with the help of which a person can make marketing strategies.The forth component of the plan is objectives and issues which explains all the goals and their related problems in plan.The fifth component of the plan is marketing strategies. This is the main step in the plan to which company has to work to achieve goals.The sixth step is action programs. The step is important as it tells t hat how to implement these strategies and who will implement them and what will be the cost of all strategies.The final step is of control. This is also one of the major step of the plan as it is necessary to tell how to control the whole strategic system and who will control it?Understand to Promote the Marketing Plan in Support of Strategic Objectives4.1 How the plan supports strategic objectivePlans of Fresher and their support to objectivesFresher is assigned following plans.Attractive advertisementThe attractive advertisement of fresher can attract more and more customers towards the brand which will help to increase the sales. Increasing sales maximize profit and when company earns more profit it will be able to expand its business. The advertisement can help in building strong positioning as it contains slogan and jingles through which an image that is different from its competitors can build up. The better positioning will help to maintain market share. Streghthen positionin g, profit maximization, expansion of businessDistribution of free samplesAgain its the marketing strategy that will help to maximize sales when people around will try the samples and will be attracted. Maximize profit will lead expansion of business and strong market share.Activity based marketingActivity based marketing strategy can only help to achieve goals in targeted consumers market by increasing sales at that category of customers.Rank/Shelves bookingThis strategy can be multipurpose for better positioning of brand as it creates a good image of the brand. The most visible shelves will be booked by Fresher, the more consumers will be attracted towards the brand.Personal salesAgain this marketing strategy will increase Freshers sales and its demand and again the profit will be increased. actually all the strategies are made up to maximize the profit first and then other effects accompany it.4.2 Outline an approach to gain agreement of the marketing planConclusionIn this assign ment we learned about strategic marketing, How marketing plans supports strategic objectives, How a marketing plan is constructed and How to promote the marketing plan in support of strategic objective?We chose Fresher, A Pakistani 100% pure juice company and looked upon its marketing strategies, what Fresher is using now and what should it use in future to promote itself more. Fresher is well known company of Pakistan whose marketing system is not that good while it needs a perfect marketing system now when it has gain that much credibility. Though marketing managers are working in the company but company is not showing enough results in this field due to which there are chances of their fall down in future.Fresher is using some excellent marketing strategies such as WORD OF MOUTH, ROLL OUT strategy, SHRINK WRAPS, PET BOTTELS, TAGS, 100% pure juices etcBut we suggested some more marketing strategies to them by our own study and analysis. We made a marketing plan in which some marke ting strategies were suggested such as ATTRACTIVE ADVERTISEMENT, ACTIVITY BASED PROMOTIONS, SHELVES BOOKING in markets, PERSONAL SALES and DISTRIBUTING FREE SAMPLES to increase its sales and profit. As Fresher has high market share so these strategies will help it to sustain the market share and to increase growth rate of it. At the last we made a marketing plan and saw that how these plans support objectives. We also discussed the SWOT analysis of the company which tell us that company less threats and less weaknesses and more strengths. We also discussed risks regarding strategies but they very low.

Why were Alehouses and Gin-shops Threatening to Authorities?

Why were Alehouses and Gin-shops Threatening to Authorities?Why were alehouses and slip noose-shops threatening to the governing?This essay exit argue that alehouses and noose-shops were threatening to the governance because they were deemed to disrupt the established kind, political and economic order. Commentators of the time, labelled alehouses as nests of Satan1 and separate-shops as the source of Theft, Murder and Perjury.2 These hostelries were perceived a general jeopardize linking them to crime, poverty, sedition, sottishness and idleness. At the time, drinking took channelize in three main types of institutions the coaching inn that supplied lod disunitegs, victuals and replacement horses, taverns mainly in towns provision beer and wine, and lastly alehouses, small, often one and only(a) room, pipering only beer. Whilst evidence suggests that government, Parliament, county magistrates and parish constables did not always worry about the same threats, it is like ly that much protest and comment emanated from the inhabitants of the towns and cities. This viewpoint is supported by extensive research carried out on petitions, legislations, pamphlets, ballads and woodcut prints. There appears a divergency in the charges levelled by the government mingled with alehouses and gin-shops. With the alehouses, they were concerned in policing to prevent licentiousness and drunkenness, and the latter by moral reformers, targeting the spirits trade and the social problems caused by the labouring classes addiction to gin. This essay testament look in detail at the threats posed by the alehouses and the response from government and Parliament. The protests rose from the judgments of the emerging middle-classes, moral reformers identified as Puritans, and local inhabitants. From the mid-seventeenth century, the authorities identified the potential seditious nature of some of the activities within the alehouses. The second single-valued function will i dentify the dangers that the gin craze posed to troupe at large, the size of the growing problem and the speed of the response of the authorities in tackling this issue.The social function of the alehouses, providing drinking, eating, gambling, dancing and even flirting cannot be underestimated, as these no longer occurred in churchyards following the English Reformation of the 1530s.3 Recent studies estimate that by 1570 there were 24,000 alehouses, a ratio of 1 every 142 inhabitants, this rose to 50,000 by the 1630s and hit a peak of 60,000 in 1700, a ratio of 1 to every 87 residents.4 Cl beforehand(predicate), as evidence suggests, alehouses were becoming more than and more popular, and more and more common within society. The corollary of this expansion infers the central nature and focus of social activities inside the alehouses. It was widely accepted that the alehouses were an essential institution run by the poor for the poor5, and provided vital income for the innkeeper. In many ways, the alehouses could be said to offer the poor and the unemployed an alternative home.6 Throughout this period the tally of wage-earners within society grew and it is very likely that the authorities feared that raft worked just long enough to earn their beer- property rather than spending it on their families, as a petition in Pewsey in Whiltshire demonstrates7. It could then be further claimed that this led to a greater strain upon poor relief provided by the parishes because of feckless parents. Samuel Pepys, the diarist, reflects this viewpoint in one of the ballads in his collection in The Bad-Husbands Folly or Poverty made known a drunken husband who used to spend all his money in strong beer, neglecting his family obligations, repents and vows not to return to the alehouse because Bad company did me undo.8 The Licencing fleck of 1552, set in motion some legal controls over the pro actionration of the alehouses, the law verbalise that to open an alehouse a lic ence issued by two local Justices of the Peace and evidence of a good character were required.9 It should also be noted that the advanced 1500s were a period of bad harvests, hence Parliament and magistrates were probably concerned in storing the grain rather than allowing it to be used for brewing. However, this legislation failed to curb the ontogeny in numbers of the alehouses due to the people not complying with the law and most of them remained unlicensed.This section will address the concerns of the moral reformers, known as Puritans, and of the self-declared better-sort or caput inhabitants of the towns towards the alehouses. Puritanical thought emerged from Protestantism and comprised a moral view of family life in line with scripture. They exercised authority via positions of prominence within society and were ministers of religion, Justices of the Peace, the middle-classes and the gentry. Puritan ministers were not irrelevant to drinking alcohol in moderation, however the excesses of the alehouses, with all that that entails and the resultant payoffs on family life were to be condemned. Ministers often took the lead in organising petitions against disorderly alehouses that attracted thieves, prostitutes, gamblers and womanish drunkards. This hotter sort of Protestants wrote pamphlets attacking the tipplers of the drunkards academye10 as immoral, depraved and dissolute. Moreover, alehouses attracted people of ill-repute who preferred to drink rather than attend church services on the Sabbath. In addition, a upstart study has proved that Puritans disliked the ritual of health-drinking or toasting, full of ceremony, that reminded them of Papist traditions of drinking from the same cup.11 Besides, healths were often described as lascivious acts that deliberately detested puritan values and, by declaring allegiance to the king, they were straightforward in resisting Crom healthys puritanical regime.12 Whilst during the Interregnum of 1649-1660 no new legislation was enacted against the alehouses, greater enforcement was undertaken to vet and bar royalist sympathisers from obtaining a licence.13Another offensive came from the local yeomanry, gentry and middle-class, who unlike the Puritans, did not seek to suppress all the alehouses, but to censure the ones who were deemed to be in excess, those without a licence, off the beaten path, unruly and disruptive. It was clear that the sheltering of vagrants and prostitutes, the trade of illicit goods and excessive alcohol ingestion beyond the point of drunkenness, led to a lack of sleep at night, fights and unchaste behaviour. This habit is cited in the case of Michael Fayered of Inworth in Essex who was accused of having evill rule in his house all night long.14 Even women alehouse-keepers were deemed to be a menace with the assumption they were setting up brothels and running these establishments with immoral sexual conduct. The number of court cases and protests brought to the attention of government, who sought to limit the effects of drunkenness, led to the Acts of 1604, 1606 and 1618. For the first time, creation drunk in public was a finable offence and the annual renewal of licences was established.15 These acts were more successful than the 1552 Licensing Act and provided some control in restrain disorderly behaviour. However, gaming, swearing, tippling, theft, assault and illicit sex were common cases in the law courts.James Scott in his book claims that alehouses hosted a radically subversive culture, one that was well hidden from the view of the elites, hence he coined the term hidden transcript.16 In support of his thesis, he cites a court case of 1691 where an ale seller in Whiltshire denied comprehend any seditious discourses in his house, and that he usually advised his customers not to talk about governments affairs.17 This statement may infer that political discourse was ordinarily taking place. In addition, it is possible that it was within the inns and taverns, institutions frequented by the better-sort, that plots against the Crown were hatched. At the same time authorities were concerned about what was really taking place in the alehouses. In the light of these inappropriate political discourses, the targeting of the alehouses might have become a priority for the authorities who sought to crack-down on these behaviours by instituting spies. Records from seventeenth-century Southampton turn out that a tight surveillance, by both publican and landlords, was in place18 to make sure that their principal use, victualling and lodging, remained the primary purpose and disorderly behaviour actively discouraged. Thus, the fierceness of the authorities shifted to all forms of recreational drinking which were assumed to be a threat to law and order. Recent historical investigations support the viewpoint that the determination of the alehouses for social purposes was more important than the subversive nature previousl y thought. The observed correlation between alehouses and drunkenness has, in recent years, moved into investigating the alehouse sociability in a more lenient and a less radical approach. The scholar Mark Hailwood demonstrates that it was not always the case that alehouses were the source of lewd behaviour and political radicalism, and that the relationship between getting drunk and being sociable was not antagonistic but interdependent.19 Sociability might have provided social cohesion among people who worked and lived in the same neighbourhood, a jovial environment rather than chaos and disorder. From the proliferation to the peak of the alehouses it took roughly one hundred and fifty years, and several Acts of Parliament onward the authorities brought the alehouses under control. By the end of the seventeenth century a new threat appeared on the horizon, namely the Gin Craze.Looking at the effect gin shops had on society and their threat to the authorities, there was an ever-in creasing consumption of gin following the banning of French brandy in 1689 by William III. This ban and the London federation of Distillers losing its monopoly led to the increased production of cheap British gin and the establishment of unregulated distillers, who often put turpentine and other lethal ingredients as part of their concoctions. Consequently, thousands of small gin-shops opened in cellars, back rooms of private homes, some people even sold it from pushcarts in the streets. With no regulations in place and a cheap price, the so-called Gin Craze took off. By the mid-1720s the practice of regularly attending dram shops, especially amongst Londons labouring and poor classes, had become a significant social and health concern for the authorities, with the impeding need to pass legislation designed to control the consumption of gin. In contrast to the alehouses, the gin trade and its consumption were opposed mainly by the propertied classes, Puritans and a coalition of M iddlesex and Westminster Justices. It can be claimed that the 1729 Gin Act did little or nothing to limit the number of unlicensed premises, which in London alone were about 4,000.20 Protests against the gin trade reached a fever-pitch by 1735 with the publication of pamphlets, cartoons and treatises. These discourses claimed that drunkenness caused by gin in the street was responsible for social disorders, with an increased number of robberies, fights, murders and deaths by intoxication. It was inferred that the consumption of gin may have been linked to idleness and the incapacity to work, resulting in opportunistic crimes being committed to obtain money to satisfy their addiction to Mother Gin. The Puritans feared that the addled minds of drunk people might have supported the ever-present Jacobean threat, resulting in a return to Catholicism in Britain. These concerns have been well summarised in the 1736 Thomas Wilsons pamphlet Distilled Spirituous Liquors the Bane of the Nation people were enervated by a fatal love of a slow but sure Poyson.21 The likely lobbying of Sir John Gonson, a Westminster magistrate, associated with the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and Sir Joseph Jekyll, played an active role in the contended passage of the 1736 Gin Act that increased license fees and fines, and also aimed to reduce the smuggling of gin.22 Historians have started to investigate the impact of gin drinking on society, and according to Peter Clark, the reformists campaign against the spirits trade was exaggerated and sensationalist.23 His theory is supported by records of the time which demonstrate that in Clarkenwell, Mile End and Stepney, where gin selling was widespread, there was no substantial evidence of increased crime rates, and this was also reflected in the wider country.Despite legislation being enacted in 1736, it failed to regulate gin selling leading to widespread public disorder by 1738. Many of the gin-shops and street gin selling occurr ed in the southern and eastern suburbs of London where gin was mostly popular amongst women. The increasingly observable situation of drunk mothers and neglected children caused moral outrage to the Puritans with their view of family life24. There was a polarisation between drunken behaviour and thriftiness promoted by moralists. It was believed that heavy drinking was increasing the number of mothers and babies deaths, and that gin was the root of disruption of domestic oeconomy and respectability. It was also widely perceived that gin-drinking mothers were regarded to bring out a Spindle shankd generation,25 with the foetus being damaged in the womb. Above all, it was a commonly held thought that drunkenness led to fecklessness, and people were condemned to a life of misery. The renowned 1751 engraving by William Hogarth, Gin Lane,26 highlights all these threats posed to society. The print pictorialises the violence of excessive gin consumption depicting a ragged topless mother s craping the contents of her snuff box as her child is toppling from her arms down a cellar that bears the inscription Drunk for a penny, beat(p) drunk for twopence. The new 1751 Act was effective and restricted retailing to respectable sellers and raised duties on distilling, subsequently gin consumption fell. Overall, it can be take a firm stand that the offensives of Parliament, middling urban society and reformers towards gin consumption blamed the poor for their behaviour.This essay had discussed the different reasons why alehouses and gin-shops were a threat to the authorities in early modern England. Even though the consumption of ale had existed within English society in perpetuity, the increased popularity and concentration of excessive beer drinking became a problem from the mid-sixteenth century. Although the authorities were not against drinking per se, they were worried about the acts of disorder caused by excessive drinking. The authority exercised on the alehouses ca me from above, government and Parliament, and from below by Puritans and citizens. On the other hand, the gin craze was a sudden import from the continent in the late 1600s and started in metropolitan areas as opposed to the mostly rural alehouses. As demonstrated, the gin craze presented similar problems to the authorities as the alehouses, but included more acute threats that required urgent action extreme criminality, adult mortality and babe deformity. It should be noted that the authorities reaction to the alehouses spanned a period of about one-hundred and fifty years and multiple acts of legislation by Parliament. This is a marked difference to legislation against the gin trade that took over a period of about twenty years culminating in the provisions set out in the Act of 1736. The seditious nature of alehouses only became to be considered a problem from the mid-1600s, prior to this period the alehouses were a focus of social discord which could have deemed to have been a threat to authority but it was not in its nature seditious. On the other hand, gin-shops were deemed to be seditious since their inception. The difference in the response by authorities to the alehouses and gin-shops could be partially explained by the hidden rural proliferation of the alehouses amongst the poor, compared to the self-evident chaos observable in Gin Lane by the urban upper and middle-classes. The catch of puritanism and its revulsion of the amoral family values, that resulted from the gin-craze, was probably more keenly felt in the metropolitan areas rather than in the countryside. Ultimately, it is very interesting to note the changes in historical thought with regards to beer. As detailed in Hogarths Beer Street and Gin Lane27, intended to be viewed together, alehouses were not seen as places of chaos and disorder any more, they were rather a position of social conviviality, in contrast with the parish of St. Giles portrayed as an urban image of an alcohol-induc ed road to oblivion.1 Christopher Hudson 1631 in Peter, Clark, The Alehouse and the Alternative Society in Donald Pennington and Keith Thomas (eds.), Puritans and Revolutionaries. Essays in seventeenth-Century record presented to Christopher Hill, (Oxford, 1978), p.472 Hogarth, William and Fielding, Henry, Gin Lane, (1751) accessed 15 February 20173 Mark, Hailwood, Alehouses and Good Fellowship in Early Modern England, (Boydell and Brewer Ltd, 2014),p.54 Peter, Clark, The English Alehouse a Social History 1200-1830, (London, 1983),pp.42-475 Clark, The Alehouse,p.536 Patricia, Fumerton, Not Home Alehouses, Ballads and the vagrant Husband in Early Modern England, Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies,323 (Fall 2002),p.5057 Hailwood, Alehouses,p.418 The Bad-Husbands Folly or, Poverty made known (c.1671-1702), in Pepys Ballads, IV, p. 77 accessed 15 February 20179 James, Nicholls, The Politics of Alcohol A History of the Drink Question in England, (Manchester University Press, 2011),p.1110 Sir Richard Grosvenor 1625 in Hailwood, Alehouses,p.1911 Angela, McShane, Material Culture and Political Drinking in Seventeenth Century England, Past and Present Supplement 9, (2014),p.26012 Marika, Keblusek, Wine for Comfort Drinking and The Royalist Exile Experience, 1642-1660, in Adam Smyth (ed.), A Pleasing Sinne. Drink and conviviality in Seventeenth-Century England, (Cambridge, 2004),pp.55-6813 Bernard, Capp, Englands Culture Wars Puritan Reformation and Its Enemies in the Interregnum, 1649-1660, (Oxford University Press, 2012),pp.16214 Keith, Wrightson, Alehouses, Order and Reformation in Rural England, 1590-1660 in Eileen Yeo and Stephen Yeo, (eds.), Popular Culture and Class Conflict 1590-1914 Explorations in the History of Labour and Leisure, (The Harvester Press Limited, 1981),p.815 Nicholls, Politics,pp.13-1516 Scott in Hailwood, Alehouses,p.6517 Ibid.,pp.7018 James, Brown, Drinking Houses and the Politics of Surveillance in Pre-industrial Southampton, in B. Kmin (ed.), Political space in Pre-industrial Europe, (Ashgate, 2009),pp.61-8019 Mark, Hailwood,It puts good reason into brains Popular Understandings of the Effects of Alcohol in Seventeenth-Century England,Brewery History,150 (2013),p.1420 Peter, Clark, The Mother Gin Controversy in the Early Eighteenth Century, Transactions of the Royal historical Society,vol.38 (1988),p.6821 Wilson in Jonathan, White, The slow but sure Poyson The Representation of Gin and its Drinkers,1736-1751, Journal of British Studies,421(2003),p.4622 Clark, Mother Gin,pp.74-7523 Ibid.,p.7224 Maddox in White, The Representation,p.59-6325 Nicholls, The Politics,p.4026 Hogarth, Gin Lane, (1751)27 Hogarth, Beer Street and Gin Lane (1751)

Grand Theft Theory: Vice City :: Essays Papers

Grand Theft Theory Vice City both Cote and Khan tell its up to parents to decide whether their teens should be allowed to play Vice City. Parents should be informed of what this game is about, said Khan. I would definitely warn kids of the violence. Cote said when his mother first discovered that he and his brother played Grand Theft Auto III, she was mortified.1Patriarchal formations of familial angst and romance included, Vice City has been trustworthy again and again in the several orifices of the public body. Each time new techniques, purposes, and functions may be discovered in the rubble evidencing the occurrence, but the tell encounter itself symptomatically mythologizes a special strain of the back, bearing out a stigmata proving again and again the omnipresence of Vice City in the spaces of media outlets, and thereof collection and reflection. Back pain in the very dens and living rooms of America The back is on the button the end of the issue, where it starts is i n the hands, a twitching existence tied by lines of fluid, flesh, force, and faith to the human configuration. If what is violent in the game is the mode of interaction by which the protagonists narrative transgressions can be rendered progeny of a sick mind (akin to the Japanese Otaku), the hand is a thing of the psychological measurement of the central nervous system and the behavior of the preferent allopathic object. Gameplay is feedback, hand to computer to display to eye, and, like any such idealized circuitry, crossover is categorically denied. Honestly, hands are not their own and not even yours in any romantic sense, but yours-insofar-as-you-are-humanized, and thus schematized into matrices of humanist pluralism of the population. A population of its instances. Aside these detachments in analysis, Vice City offers an anarchic confusedness with implications for media theory by a methodological engagement of gameplay. GRAPHDemocrat ic debate in mass public forums (newspapers and major websites mostly) permit and breed a stirring violence of dialogue always with its own purposes clearly ahead of itself, like the cartoon donkeys dangling carrot always just out of reach but enough to keep things going for the time being.

Punishment :: essays research papers

Effective Punishment for America     Violence in our world is getting ever more miserable. We debate people brutally killing other people. In every country this is a problem. The real problem is that ninety percent of the ones committing these crimes are children. The question is discipline. We necessity to take the necessary steps in effective discipline for children. Children should be disciplined by strict punishment in cases such as murder, rape, and drugs.      The disciplining of children has make a long way from where it has been. We as society, have lost the idea of effective discipline. That is discipline that get a linees a person how wrong the action was. It should also teach a person not to every want to do the action again. We as society must stand up for the cause of discipline. For example, if a sixteen-year overaged walks into a school and opens fire on students, strict punishment should be acted upon by the courts. Our j ails have become more of a hotel for criminals. Murder is a vicious crime and the consequences of this crime, especially if it is a child, should have serious attributes to these crimes.      Rape has become a serious crime in America today. We hear of rape crimes at least one every five minutes here in America. Like murder most of these crimes are committed by teenagers. I conceive that convicting a young teenager of this crime and declaring them mentally insane is ludicrous. They should ban such ways for escaping the punishment of such a brutal crime. As the motto from the Bible goes, "Spare the rod and spoil the child." We must stop the ways of escaping the system and get back to the basics of disciplinary action.     Drugs is a problem no matter where one goes in America. We see them in schools, colleges, homes, streets, everywhere. The actions taken against drug abusers are not cruel ones. We usually give them a blink of an eye chance. This second chance is fine, but when the second time comes action must take place. To effectively get rid of this problem, parents need to effectively punish if they catch there kids. If the authorities catch the children, then parents need to come and take the punishment out after they get home. We need to stop these crimes and the only way to let someone know the extent of punishment they deserve is to punish one the first offense.