The operational issues affected by organisations

The operating theateral issues affected by organisationsThe following raise looks at discussing the operational issues affecting the organization and identifying the strategic implications disquietude Tubes. After read this case study, misgiving Tubes is the Australian repel pelt along indus screen, they designs and executes custom-made high serve up automotive exhaust formation for Australia ride industry. The contrast was established by two conviction tug rumpnonb alone along driver surface-to-air missile Peters in 1974. The first place of business operated in Homebush in 2000 they relocate to Blocktown. The companionship manufactures two custom performance and warning system, each being specific exclusivelyy tailored to locomotive engine in question. After the political party drive more(prenominal)(prenominal) famous and trades increased, therefore, alliance start focus on customer. disquietude Tubes start fashioning more popular items private to norm al motorists wants to improve their performance. panic Tubes quickly become Australian machine industry distributor. Many problems windlessness occur in flagellum Tubes. The finance situation non as nice as we see, furthermore, Terror tubes made adjure with super car invite initial stocking and companys character grew and sales increased, Terror Tubes got both side supplier and racing industry respected. Thus, few months later the sales of supper car cut through increased. The customer systems were always actu in ally sensitive on problems on higher sales. However, surface-to-air missile and Phil look over all the move of terror tubes, customer still would like to buy sales crossways, in other hand, customer intentional system steadily increased, thus, the relative cost keep increase, and costs associated is continue increasing, from accounting found out the company natesnot carry any wakeless profit as they expected. expensive public warehouse space has been rented , however, Sam is precise concerned with increased lead time for custom and standard orders, it going to take long time to deli truly, capacity is being pushed, and amidst both side they puzzle contract. In other side, Phil is overly very worried the company is going to very hard to achieve the strike created. Thus , the effect of the wise contract with super car , all overall impact this crude demand for new systems for the customer. Therefore, the following try leave alone analyse the returnion solve used by Terror Tubes, and the returns and disfavours of new contract for super car and Terror Tube, after go away discuss the routine operational decisions required to current operating conditions for the company. Final, the essay provide cover the producing fiscal structure will be discussed. newsAccording to (Gardiner D, 2006) the return accomplish stand be defined as the dish up of converting inputs into outputs. The inputs could be materials, customers, labour, energy, components, ideas, machines or requirements. In other hand, the outputs could be absolute products, satisfied customers, or unsatisfied customers, components, subassemblies, developed ideas. The foundation of production process is to flummox both(prenominal)thing necessary to add into process that take inputs and transforms them into outputs, if this transformation is performed surface so customer will satisfy. The production process is happened various industries ,the inputs entangle any starting position for a product or service, as an example, a bakery manufacture would build flour,sugar,flavourings,packaging,energy,and mountain skills, the production process is people mixing ingredients, baking, after cooked packing the bakery, finish all the process distributing to the manufactures, output after all the production process all the flour become buns, bread, muffins, delivered to warehouse or retail stored. This is very simple examples of inputs into outputs proces s same as service industries.As seen in this case, Terror tubes relocated twice and now the Blocktwon which is currently address is double bigger than senior grinder in homebush, for the company originally was conceived to allow to motor racing industry specialty exhaust system, after the company focused on custom-built system. Therefore the factory layout group member tube cuters puzzle outning(a) together, tube bonder in another, a separate sledding section, also the craftspeople will use high tech engineer equipment to provide the flexibility inevitable for producing custom system. The eccentric of the finished product reflects the craftsmanship of the individual workers. both of standard system and custom processing in the same time on same equipment by the sam craftspeople. (Morrroni M, 1992)Furthermore, in Terror Tubes, the quality and demand is very grand for this company. Thus, the production process needs to have better support from outside to make this process more successful. in the midst of the Terror Tube with Super elevator car created new contract, the effective contract involve advantages and single outs on Terror Tubes operations, firstly, Terror Tube was originally supply specialty exhaust systems to the motor racing industry, and Super gondola is a big distributor and they supplied very high exhaust systems. Therefore, Terror Tubes operation after have the effects of the new contract with Super Car they whitethorn need to produce more exhaust systems provided to the Super Car, both of company can have long term trade relationship. The advantage of Terror Tube signed the new contract with Super Car, Terror Tube can make more profit, and make sales increase, and also the productivity will improve as well. Thus, Terror Tubes reputation will grew, more and more demand possibly come from other company.The disadvantage of Terror Tube signed the new contract with Super Car happened in this case is Terror Tube did not achieving the day line, they overtime productionin addition, Super Car cannot have product to elapse to the customers, so both side will be not knowing with each other including the customer will not satisfied with the supplier. In other hand, Terror Tubes rented very expensive warehouse space, therefore, in this side, the company have to pay multitude of money for the rent, they cannot finish the production of the product so they loss profit, cannot make any money, the companys profit margin is very low.Compare both side advantage and disadvantage effects the new contract between Super Car and Terror Tubesit is very important for the people working in the company to over read the disadvantages and try to uphold the company can reach the goals make more advantages.The fooling operational decisions required under current operating conditions for the companys operational to run effectively, also Terror Tube leaders need to make heaps of decisions to adjust this company. Before make decision th e leaders have to very clear what company goals after to achieve goals effectively. First of all, Terror Tubes involved many things to concern such as make daily product decisions. According to (Gardiner D.2006) operations managements are the activities for creating, implementing, and improving process that production process resources, such as raw materials, technologies and labour. And it is to set of decisions across the value range of a function the support the implementation of higher level business strategies. Therefore, employees should make dozens of improvement and try to not waste anything. It is very important for all the employees should know the company roles, and company will be increase the production standard or custom serves (Kim B Oh H, 2005). In addition, before the manufacture start making products. They have to very clearly nigh all the product, equipment, customer demand, or quantity of the production, be preparing all(prenominal)thing to avoid over the d elinquent day. (Puig F et al,2009) in this case, Terror Tubes need to operation run effectively, the factory have to prepare all the material, all the equipment is safe also have enough employees come to work for the company. For Terror Tubes this case, they still have engine problems. Rather than with new standard systems no as good we can see, how many product you produce is depends on the market places, somehow, some emergency situations maybe happened the companies have to take seriously concern about. (Fransoo J, 1993) Thus, market cost assortment every day, and more competitors, this is also very important operational decisions for the company in the future. In other hand, we should very careful about market price no matter material or any cerebrate price has increase the price, then Terror Tubes has to increase the price to detect make more profit.According to (Seppa R,2007)there more operational decision for the companys operations, for instance, make more adverts or p romotion decision, we can spent little kidnapping money on the advertisements like TV show, magazine, news paper and so on, to promote our product. Furthermore, there is one more operational decision is focal point on different type of group people and trying to sale in different age, gender, different levels, for the company, we have to find very good marker, which is the people sale lots of products. (Seppa R, 2007)One more I think is the most(prenominal) useful one is, find more investor like shareholders or some customer whom interest in this type of investment. Make placement with them,they may not very good operational decision, but more people more money help the company more successful, the company can reduce and more control the expenses , from another point of view it qualification lost control, loss profit, or more problem coming up. For instance, in this case, Terror Tubes had really serious problem, they overtime production, most money cannot use, and lots of cost continually increase, so if the Terror Tube found more people adjunction in company, it may reduce the risk of payment of over time, the company might hire more employees, bring in more equipment to help the factory produce more products. So overtime will not happen in the fureture. And Terror Tube can make more profit, and more demand will keep increase.(Mughal H Osborne R,1995).Last one is effect the move to producing standard systems has had on the companys monetary structure. Firstly, the company has not been operating good as we can see, their financial position was very low, they spend lots of money buy a material, and associated expense has increased. Also Terror Tubes rented very expansive warehouse have big space. Therefore, this company financial position not good at all. In this case, as Terror Tubes was supply specialty exhaust systems to the motor racing industry, after they change the line to produce the products to normal cars and had agreement with Super Car, thi s is advantage for the Terror Tubes, because Super Car is national car industry, might effects on the Terror Tubess financial structure.(Spina G Verganti R,2002).Terror Tubes at beginning keep increase the products on sales, that is attract a lot of customer to buy the products made very good profits. According to (Walters D,2004) in this case, Terror Tubes had start producing different products, so they have to pay the taxes every year. This is not good as they are in bad situations. Therefore, Terror Tube might join other enterprise it may help the company and increase the financial problems.ConclusionFinally, this essay has been talk about Terror Tubes current production processes, is a manufacture in Australian produce the car exhaust systems to motor racing industry, after the companys reputation grew, more and more demand from customers. Also this essay discussed the advantages and disadvantages on Terror Tubes and Super Car made new contract. It is good when they signed new contract, Super Car have big demand for the products, and help the Terror Tubes make more profit, more promotion. In other hand, many disadvantage happed after this contract, because many demand form customer, manufactory can not finish producing all the products to the customer, which is not good, for instance, Terror Tubes has to produce those products as steady as possible, to keep good relationship between the demand and supplier. Furthermore, the daily operational decisions required under current operations conditions for the companys operations, the decision making by the managers ,production decision should be more quickly, more prepare and price depends on raw material, thus, I gave some of my personal suggestion to this company, find investor whom interest in this kind of business, and make good profit, join in the company help the company to reduce the problem, for example, put more advertisement etc. finally , this article talk about the producing start systems on positi ve way and negative way, also the companys financial structure. As I mentioned many problems happened in financial position, if Terror Tube might join other enterprise, it may help the company saving the problems, and start makes profit.

Sonnys Blues Plot Analysis

laddies colour Plot AnalysisThe contrasting have sexs of ii brothers contri providede to the theme of being safe while being fortune takers. In this story, Baldwin writes about two brothers who grew up together. As each of the boys grew older, their fri residuumship diminished and they ended up having two completely different lives. The fabricator, who is the older brother seemed to be more cautious and had a more dogged manner to develop a good approaching. bloke, the younger brother, was more take over and adventurous as he lived in the mowork forcet. young carnivore did not pull down k promptly what his plans were for the next hour, let alone the rest of his sustenance. The narrators greatest credit of dissatisfaction was his selfish desire to learn and live a respect adequate to(p) demeanor safely as a teacher of high school algebra. When Sonny learns the consequences about drugs and the law, he feels threatened. Sonnys brother lives in a safe environs while Sonn ys environment is very unsafe and that is why Baldwin cargonfully rear the brothers as opposites. The narrator is a conservative, respectable family man who is a professor of mathematics and is proud of its professional status. In the story, Sonny interprets of the narrator, who worked for Sonny as guardian, father figure, and a brother-peer. The narrator describes Sonny as a savage, but not crazy. He says Sonny had always been a good boy, he never healed or evil or disrespectful, and how children provide so quickly (Baldwin 85). He compared students Sonny a dreamy, disillusioned and obedient, but is grappling hook with the desperation of his live in a poor promise.The author utilise the name of the story Sonnys Blues, to give readers a clue to the theme of history. Noun the megrims is defined in the mood unhappiness and depression. This theme is present throughout the story. Blues is a style of harmony that reflects a sad mood. Blues as well as being in the medicine, the basic social system of the story, and as the narrator and his brother, Sonny has vie a role in depression.Sonnys brother is a shared perspective on this story, because he feels responsible for keeping his brother safe. His Brother learns to pick up to all this history to actualise the life of Sonny. The narrator as he fought for his life and how he is now watching his younger brother, Sonny fought through the same situation. He disturbed about the life of Sonny that might not be able to escape the turmoil that life brings, above all, a musician who has no family ties and job security. Sonny tries to become a jazz musician, the narrator watches and listens as Sonny goes through many adversities in life. He does not insufficiency Sonny to be a jazz musician, because on that point is no future there. At the end of the story, Sonnys brother was invited into a darknessclub to watch and listen to his brother. During his visit, he learns and listens to understand Sonny and how he uses his music to survive, and how the music gives gist to their lives.In the central scene of Sonnys Blues, is when the narrator agrees to go with Sonny to the night jazz club. The narrators realization that he must accept Sonny for who he is happened at the night club. This is the first time that Sonnys brother feels content with Sonny as he plays the piano and listens to his blues music. There he meets Sonnys musician friends who appreciate the way in which the narrator accepted his brother. The next scene, the narrator begins to understand the language of jazz and how it has changed the lives of Sonny for the best. Director, Creole, who was the bassist of the band, did the brother of mighty movement teaching Sonny how to play the piano. The benefit of the blues helped Sonny to end his drug addiction. During this scene, the brother of Sonny reflected in Creole and Sonny power saw him with respect, to let him run the band that made his brother see that Sonny had talent and pursued his talent.Living in a housing disgorge in Harlem, Sonnys brother determined to protect themselves from the risks that surrounded them. You will tag that the narrator and Sonnys neighborhood were mostly blacks and poor people in Harlem. Their running(a) class embittered father, whose pride and optimism is diminished fought to support the family to openly racism. Sonny, however, is a romanticist artist, who is not afraid to take risks to pursue what he wants. His passion for music makes him impatient. He stayed away from school, but not away from danger. Sonny wants to live a respectful life but it is very hard for him. He did different things to try to escape this corruption, he tries to escape by connexion the army, but fails. And he tries to escape by use of illegal drugs. When life feels like a toll on Sonny, he takes for his music. He realizes that his problems are real and that he can really escape them. Music is played in his life which changes his pain and suffering. Mayb e not so that you can definitely stay away from danger, as the father of Sonny said, there is no safe place at all (Baldwin 95). Sonny music provides a channel to express the darkness within him, while his intellect of life slowly recovers.The story of Sonnys Blues illustrated how life was growing up in an African American family during 1930 -1960s. Black Americans struggled to make their imprint on society. The life of the amazing blind musician Ray Charles comes to my mind as I struggle to understand how the African American culture lettered to survive during this time. Sonny and Ray Charles had many of the same life experiences, in particular relying on drugs to forget their past and living in a society where the black man struggled to make a living. Both men used their music of rhythm and blues to gain respect from family and friends.

The Development Of Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

The Development Of Travel And touristry Industry touristry EssayFin on the wholey but not least, it discusses the signifi finisht furbish up of engine room on the developing of travel and touristry diligence which is a bragging(a) influence on the terra incorruptiblea.So overall all this assignment is ratting you of how graphic symbol attends and engineering smoke develop the touristry industries and to a fault makes work much easier and create a major impact on the rural. It likewise assesses several(prenominal) nice points on the association found tourism it tells how it can annex tourist in the country and armed services to build up the economy and by creating a pricy marketing plan, having the right enumerate of capital, objectives and goodly support pop off it can be successful.The importance of delivering attribute profits in the hospitality manufacture.The importance of delivering quality services is essentially to jerk off a good impact on the industry to increase revenues. In sympathy with (The importance of node service in the hospitality industry, 1999-2012), Hotels, restaurants and former(a)wise tourism-reliant business enterprise are included in the hospitality industry, to severally one brass rely on effective customer service to lay down industry accolades, positive media brushups, win repeat guests and increase revenue. So basically the good service you give off entrust make others seed more(prenominal) to increase the revenue and to give the organic law an excellent review. tint services in some hospitality industry are lamentable and needs improvement but it is our major challenge. However in agreement with (William Lazer Layton, 1999), The hospitality managers if facing the major challenges in quality service delivery. It impart be an essential condition for success in the emerging, keenly agonistical, worldwide hospitality markets, while the future importance of delivering quality hospital ity service is easy to discern and to agree on, doing so presents some difficult and challenging management issues. It is very important that all hospitality industry leave alone excellent quality service so it will build up the economy of the make-up and country.2Differences amongst service delivery in the hospitality industry and service delivery in other businesses. wait on delivery can be unalikeiated by the type of businesses youre running. work delivery can be delivered twain inside and outside of an organization but it depends on the type because most organization does not adjudge outside service delivery. match to ( good delivery system, 2012), Hospitality and tourism services can be differentiated by the volume of customers processed and on the basis of variety offered. This can vary from a mellow-volume operation religious offering a very restricted range of products and services to a reduce volume operation where every customer receives a unique or highly cust omized service. Another key variable in any service operation is the nature of the service contact. High contact has an extra take aim of loving interaction associated with staff, while a low-contact service requires the staff to execute largely expert skills. severally requires a different approach, with a high level of contact requiring advance(a) social skills training, to departher with a good level of product make doledge, whereas a low level of contact requires simpler customer care and technical training. A low-contact service may also be suitable for substitution by information technology or self-service. avail delivery in businesses can be different in some cases. In some businesses the service can be delivered outside of the organization while some cannot.3 business TWOPros and cons of confederacy found tourism and a discussion on the implications on the country as a whole.The Pros The community of interests based tourism has some advantages on some(prenominal) t he communities and the country.Employment for communitySome others are according to (Williams Haye, 2006), Improved quality of life, Increased employment two directly and indirectly, increased opportunity for social and cultural interchange, increased income and improvement of infrastructure and enhancement of the community.Some other advantages are according to (Oikos, 2009), It modifys tourist to discover local habitats and wildlife, celebrate and keep an eye on traditional cultures, rituals and wisdom.The Cons Some disadvantages of community based tourism are slight transportationsLess support in human resources and connection with marketing channels. drop assuredness of touristLack of skillsLess capitalLack of realisation4DiscussionThere are different implications of community based tourism on the country both advantages and disadvantages. tourism in the country can help build up the economy and the community has a huge impact on the visitants which helps to increase the r evenues. According to (Master contrive For sustainable tourism Development, 1998), The importance of this interaction is increasing as a proceeds of the greater interest contact with local people and their culture. Thus, physical assets are, by themselves, not sufficient to deliver a world class visitor pay off. The host community must also be pleased to invite tourists into their communities and take pride in the experience offered. This is why the WTO and other commentators swear that involving the community in the design (planning), development and management of the tourism experience is a necessary condition for the sustainable development of tourism.In Jamaica, the communities create jokeed a role in the development of tourism. According to (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), To ensure stronger community involvement in the planning, development and management of tourism in Jamaica, the Master Plan aims to strengthen the community presence on the Reso rt Boards and co-ordination between the Resort Boards, parish councils and Parish Development Committees (PDCs) realized by the Social Development Commission (SDC). Ventures sponsored by or involving the community would be eligible for receiving finance on preferential terms and technical support from a biotic community Support Unit at TPDCO.5The Resort Boards would be made responsible for all aspects of the interface between the visitor and local people, including involving local organizations in the management of anti-harassment and the resort patrols.Community based tourism can uplift the citizens and show them a brighter future. According to (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), Tourism has the potential to become a tool for economical and social uplifting of the people of Jamaica. If it can play such a role and that role is brought to the attention of the people of Jamaica, a far greater crook would consider them as benefiting from the industry and so, h opefully, would be committed to the delivery of an excellent visitor experience. The Master Plan attempts to enable the tourism industry to play the role of providing the means to social and economic uplifting through a combination of improving the linkages between tourism and other industries, improving the opportunities for local people to sell goods and services to visitors and apply tourism to make viable investments in civil facilities. It is planned also to make visible the impact that tourism has on social conditions by publicizing more widely the role it plays in developing civic facilities and strengthening the JTBs educational programmed in schools.6In order for Jamaica to go on in the increase of tourism they have to improve most of their products which they know most tourists looks forward to buy. In agreement with (Master Plan For Sustainable Tourism Development, 1998), Within the tourism industry, the share of underperforming sub-sectors such as small hotels, guest h ouses, villas and apartments, food and beverages, leisure and frolic, sports and transport must be increased. Further afield, the linkages with liberal arts and crafts, agriculture and small businesses generally need to be improved. Improving these linkages with other sectors would help also to increase the role played by tourism as a lead industrial sector in force through other sectors of the Jamaican economy and so its effect on economic development generally.Community based tourism would have a good impact on the country because first of all it plays a freehand role and if the CBT develop a good marketing objectives and strategies to get the information worldwide it will bring tourist to the country and not only the country will get a good review but the community as well and it will benefit from it and not only that but it would make tourist unavoidablenesss to explore and learn more about other places in the country.7Discussion on community based tourism is an alternative type of tourism that can be used to diversify the Jamaica Tourism Product and will Jamaica with a competitive advantage.The main elements of tourism product are Accommodation, Transportation, attraction and tours, dining and entertainment and support services. So basically the community based tourism can help improve all areas because it plays a minor role in the country.Community based tourism can join partnership with the Jamaica Tourism Product (JTP) and provide them with a variety of different communities with various handsome attraction to be one of their main product of attraction, which will help them to increase their revenues and bring in more visitors which will be benefited to both. Each group will have to address and see what their weakness is, in both social and physical infrastructure.Jamaica Tourism Product can provide the communities with transportation to and from the accommodation and also give the visitors a tour of severally community which can be included in the all comprehensive package. Working together can both be a good thing for the country because it will increase the economy by number of visitors that comes into the country and it will also give the country a good name and good reviews.8Community Based Tourism and Jamaica Tourism Product can provide Jamaica with a competitive advantage. Basically each group would have a major development in all the areas that tourists love the most and by working well in their areas, finding ways to make each visit more differently and interesting and also by improving, making it better and better throughout each year there will be a increase in economy.Each group competing against each other would be a big impact on Jamaica and everyone will benefit from what they are doing.9TASK 3Some impacts of engineering on the development of travel and tourism industry.Technology has a lot of impact on travel and tourism industry. It helps to make work a lot easier and much faster. According to (Youell, 2 012), Developments in technology in jet aircraft and computer technology have contributed to the harvest-feast in domestic and international travel and tourism. Technological factors travel and tourism has always been an industry that has made extensive use of new technology equipment. Central reservation system (CRS), the use of computers in travel agencies and sophisticated databases for marketing purposes are now ordinary. Increase in competition at bottom the industry will force organizations to use new technology to the full. naked developments in transportation make extensive use of new technology, for modeling the Channel Tunnel, the advances in aircraft design and opening up newlong-haul destinations.Technology has made it possible for people to accomplish multiple travails deep down a time period and it has also brought advancement in many economic and business sectors which include travel and tourism industry.10Technology in the travel and tourism industry makes thin gs more advanced, professional, less work and makes things run much faster. According to (The impact of technology on tourism, 2012), The tourism industry is one of the most relevant examples in the context of a changing global environment. The pace of this change has most likely been set by the rapid technological advancements. Some of these new technologies have been integrated in tourism operations. The most eloquent example in this sense is the yield of the internet, which led to reduced costs and increased operational efficiency within the tourism agencies and airports. Aside the internet, other major technologies that supported the continuous harvest-home of the tourism industry are those implemented by transportation, which became safer, quicker and more pleasing. Finally, the technological implementations within tourism operations have led to modifications in working habits and have also generated an increased demand for labor force, implying as such that educational inst itutions place more emphasis on pedagogy tourism.So basically technology has a serious impact on travel and tourism it makes every aspect of completing daily task a lot easier and it also helps to develop the country. Without technology things would be drawn-out and visitors wouldnt be able to book online if wanting to visit other country and that would be more work for hotel employees and it wouldnt make us citizens be aware of what is going on in the country. So having technology in both travel and tourism is major impact without it maybe we would have to get things done in a slower pace.11CONCLUSIONI have concluded that good quality service in both the hospitality and other business industries have a positive impact on the country. A first impression determines how a guest will enjoy their stay and must always treat visitors like how we would want to be treated.Good quality service will keep customers and tourists feeler back and it will also leave an excellent review of the b usiness which will make others want to come to the country or firm. Service delivery in hospitality industry and other businesses are different in some extend for example in the hospitality industry some of their services can only be delivered within the organization while for some others their services can be delivered outside of the firm/organization.I also concluded that community based tourism plays a major role in a country and both can benefit from it. It also uplift the residents in the communities by earning income as trim managers, entrepreneurs, service and produce providers, and employees.Technology is a major impact in the travel and tourism industry it makes work much easier and faster. It creates less wonder and helps to develop the industry in a more professional way.12

Wa Municipal Profile

Wa Municipal ProfileCHAPTER THREE federation PROFILE OF THE WA MUNICIPALITYLocation and SizeThe upper berth watt vicinity is located in the north- atomic number 74ern p finesse of Ghana and allots b cab arets with the La Cote DIvoire to the north,-west, Burkina Faso to the north, Upper East to the East and the northeastern Region to the south. The Wa Municipal fictionalisation was created out of the then Wa District in 2004 with legislative legal document (L1) 1800 in pursuant of the policy of decentralization started in 1988. The throng is sceptered as the spunkyest political and administrative body in the Municipality charged with the responsibleness of facilitating the implementation of national policies. Under section 10 of the Local g e preciseplacenment Act 1993 (Act 426), the Assembly exercises deliberative, legislative and executive functions in the District. By this act, the Assembly is responsible for the overall growing of the Municipality. The Wa Municipality is in that respectfore tone of the eleven administrative domains (District Assemblies) that make up the Upper West Region (UWR) of Ghana. The Municipality shares administrative boundaries with Nadowli District to the north, the Wa East District to the east and the Wa west district to the west. The Municipality lies among latitudes 950N to 1020N and mingled with longitudes 940 W and 1015W. It has an area of approximately 234.74 km2, al or so 6.4% of the area of Upper West Region. The suggestion of the location of the municipality for development is, enhancing bilateral take and commerce with Franco phone countries. The Wa town has the potential difference to grow and be upgraded into both an industrial and mercantile hub for the north-western corridor of Ghana. The Figure 1 (map) below shows the location of the Wa Municipality with some of the peri-urban communities that yielding victim of the rapidly urbanizing process in the municipality.DemographyThe Upper West portion is the youngest region in Ghana. In 2010, the nation of the region stood at 702,110 with a growth rate of 1.9% per annum. According to the 2010 race and Housing census, the Wa Municipality has a total nation of 107,214. Currently, the total population of the municipality stands at 127,284 (male 61,826/ distaff 65,458) with an alter population of 71,051 (GSS, 2012) re typifying 66.3% compared to the national urbanized share of 50.9% and the regional urbanized share of 16.3%. This alike implies the Wa Municipality alone accounts for a 62% share of the regions urbanized population in the year 2010. The Municipality is likewise reported as having an urban population growth rate of 4% as compared to the national urban growth rate of 3.4% (Wa Municipal, 2012 GSS, 2005 GSS, 2012). The population structure of the Wa municipality revealed a preponderance of the early days over the aged and females (51%) over males (49%). The youth form 49% of the total population with a potential w orking population of 47% and 4% aged. This means a high numerateency ratio since the sparingally active population is 47% compared to strung-out population of 53%. The population density is 542 persons per square kilometers with its associated development import in the areas of housing, education and health facilities, environmental sanitation, water supply, pressure on buck and socio-stinting infrastructure due(p) to the rapidly urbanising township. This raises the issue of population management, specifically, housing, land use planning, streetism, conflict management, to secure the future of the municipality.The gender implication of the preceding(prenominal) holds programming for women, mother and children to provide for peculiar health, educational and economic necessarily and strengthening institutions for pitchive governance and protection of the vulnerable and excluded and also stop up human rights especially for women. A second implication is that the youthfulness of the population requires the provision of social infrastructure especially schools, crches, day nursery, base and junior secondary schools, healthcare services especially family planning, adolescent and procreative health services. Thirdly, there is the take on for skills development programmes that will provide the youth with employable skills to address current and future unemployment problems. These implications are linked to population management issues such as enhancing effective resource mobilization, human, financial and temporal resources for the provision of basic socio economic infrastructure and services in the educational and health sectors. There is also the need for capacity build and institutional strengthening for the staff of the municipal assembly and other sector departments and the need to embark upon vigorous population management programmes and employment creation for the youth. The humans of educational facilities universities, Polytechnics, long distan ce learning centers, vocational and technical institutions, approachability of electricity, water, banking, tele intercourse and tranceation facilities employment opportunities and handiness of agricultural fertile lands in the Wa town are responsible for the current rural hegira of populations into the city centre leading to the expansion of the urban centre towards the peri-urban communities in response to the influx of populations and developments.Relief, Drainage and TopographyThe Municipality lies in the Savannah high plains, which generally, is lightly undulating with an average height between clxm and 300m above sea level. The gentle turn nature of the landscape implies that the topography is no barrier to cultivation and other somatogenetic development. The low lying areas are found in the following local anaestheticities Charia, Zingu, Kperisi to the North and Piisi, Dapouha, Boli, Sing, Biihe and Busa to the South. These manifest in the form of valleys that colle ct and retain water during the showery appease and are therefore suitable for rice cultivation and broth rearing. These low lying areas subscribe to further given rise to twain important drain system of ruless, the Sing-Bakpong and its tributaries to the South and Billi and its tributaries to the North. The streams are seasonal and thus wry up during the long dry season thereby reducing forthcoming of water for agriculture, domestic, industrial and constructional uses. This implies the provision of dams, dugouts and rainwater harvesting in order to provide adequate water to meet the domestic and agricultural take aim of the increasing population in the area.WeatherThe climate of the Wa Municipality is characterized by long, windy and hot dry season followed by the short and thundery wealthy season. The dry season occurs between November and April. The north eastern trade winds from the Sahara desert precipitates the cold harmattan winds between November and February wh ich brings with it coughs, cold and other respiratory diseases and also skin diseases. The hot season records high temperatures with a peak of between 400C and 450C in March and April causing dehydration and incidence of cerebral meningitis. The effect of climate change is becoming more(prenominal) manifest of late due to human activities in terms of bush burning, felling of trees, poor farming practices and infrastructural activities. The wet season lasts between April and October. The annual mean rainfall volume of between 840 mm and 1400 mm is sparsely and poorly distributed over the months. The rainfall imitate is erratic and punctuated by spells of long droughts and heavy downpours and floods. This affects humidity levels, soil moisture levels, crop growth and general agricultural productivity.Land use as yet the fact that the municipality is the commercial hub of the upper west region, agriculture re mains main the economic activity. It remains the amplest single contribut or to the local economy and employs about 70% of the active population. The main staple crops grown are millet, sorghum, maize, rice, cowpea and groundnuts cultivated on subsistence basis. However, soybeans, groundnuts, Bambara beans are produced as cash crops. Economic trees deep down the municipality are sheanuts, dawadawa, mango, baobab and teak.The vegetation cover of the area is guinea savannah woodland, which is made up of grasses and tree species such as Butylosternum Paradoxum (Shea tree), Parkia biglolosa (Dawadawa), genus Adansonia Digitata (baobab), Anarcadium occidentale (cashew), Acacia, Ebony, Neem and Mango among others. There is a marked change in the plant life of this vegetation zone during different seasons of the year. The vegetation in this area is thus open and dominated by short grasses. In the wet season, the area looks green and in the dry season, the grass dries and to the highest degree of the trees shed their leaves and prone to bush fires. Human acti vities such as firewood harvesting, charcoal gray burning, farming, quarrying, construction etc. are all combined to modify the inherent environment. The Municipality lies in the Savanna high plains, which generally, is undulating with an average height between 160 and 300 m above sea level and has two main drainage systems, Sing-Bakpong and its tributaries to the South and Billi and its tributaries to the North. The streams dry up during the long dry season thereby reducing available water for agriculture, domestic, industrial and construction users. away from the Wa central-the large(p) of the municipality, there are eight peri-urban towns within the municipality. However, the deal would focus on the four tight urbanizing communities (Busa, Kpongo, Charia/Loho and Kperisi) located almost equidistance from the municipality. thrift of the Wa MunicipalityThe structure of the economy of the municipality has non changed since 2009. It is still dominated by agriculture (about 70% ), followed by commerce (about 9%) and industry (about 3%). Other key sectors of the economy are charm, tourism, communication and energy. Peoples sources of income for livelihood depend on the economic activities they undertake, the level of mixture and the technology or know-how used. Comparatively, the diversity of the economy of the municipality is very limited and dominated by agriculture, which is equally not diversified. Wa municipal falls within the Savannah Zone where scantiness has been above the national average. Currently, nine (9) out of every ten is verbalise to be poor. Average households incomes are very low and bread winners few. An summary of households expenditure shows that about 80% of their income is spent on nutrition and 20% on rent, education, health, utility charges and funerals. The high level of scantness is attributed to underdeveloped social overhead capital. Social overhead capital, which supplies services (power, transportation, computer memo ry, communication, education) that are indispensable to modern industry are under developed. The under development of this capital base is a constraint or bottleneck to economic growth and development in the Municipality.AgricultureThe agriculture sector provides more than 60% of the municipal population sources of jobs, livelihood and business. It is a sector life-or-death to the local economy, because it is shortly the study provider of jobs. Despite its strategic usage in fighting poverty, it is under modernized. Traditional technologies still dominates agriculture doing, affect, storage and commercializeing. Programs are therefore required to enhance development of sustainable agriculture production systems e.g. irrigation systems, enhanced farmer education and training, enhanced technology manoeuvre in agriculture production, storage and enhance corporate development for marketing. Agro-Industry is an vast potential waiting development. The enthronement potentials are m any and varied.Cereals flour processing from Staple food crops like maize, millet and sorghum. About 5,581, 7,113and 5,180 MT of maize, millet and sorghum respectively are produced annually. About 70-80% of the production is processed at grinding mill around where the possibility of food contamination is very high.Pito Brewing A local beverage (Pito) produced from sorghum (Guinea Corn) which enjoys a lot patronage in the municipality and the region faces the challenges of maintaining the quality/standards beyond a day, meeting preferred taste and alcoholic drink level of consumers, packaging and traditional brewing process. Yet it is one of the major sources of livelihoods and income for women. Modernizing pito brewing has a potential of not only augmenting sorghum production but improving women income level.Processing/Packaging of dairy and meat products (cheese, yoghurt, sausages) for households, provide and hospitality industries Cattle herds are about 6,696 plot small rumina nts population is about 8,457. Livestock production is still basically open range, while a growing hospitality and catering industry lack the inevitable meat product.Edible oil extraction Shea butter, Groundnut and Cotton seed oil are extracted using traditional methods. About 6,696, 5,154, and 5,303 MT of sheanuts, groundnuts and cotton wool seed respectively are produced annually in the Municipality.Fruit succus/jam extraction Yet another emerging business area with great growth potential is fruit juice extraction. Fruits of significant economic importance in the municipality include mango, cashew, shea, zumbringa.TourismTourism is one of the fast growing sectors in the Municipality of Wa and awaits a lot of investment. Apart from ludicrous attractions (ranging from natural resources, culture and entertainment), a relative good basic infrastructure, transport and hospitality base promise the municipality a unique tourist destination. These potentials notwithstanding, lodging, f ood and beverages facilities, and support services are inadequate and substandard. Some of the notable tourists attractions include the Wa-Naa Palace (a symbol of authority of one of the three epical regimen of traditional Wa), a flat roofed magnificent traditional building with rumble stripped walls the Dzendzen Pool, George E. Ferguson Tomb (the first agent of the Governor of the fortunate Coast Colony to reach Wa, May 4th 1894), Western Sudanese style built mosques e.g. the Centenarian Mosque at Nakori, Chegli crocodile pond, indigenous traditions, buildings and culture, dance and music. conveyingThe transport system in the Municipality is made up of road and very limited air transport. The road network is about 385km comprising 256km latitude roads and 129km, surfaced roads (trunk tarred roads). The Municipality has four (4) trunk road links to Kumasi and Tamale, Dorimon/Burkina Faso, Lawra-Hamile and Tumu/Leo. This is a fuddled advantage for enhanced trade and tourism. Howe ver, the conditions of these are bad and inhibit transport services between Wa and these locations. The absence of a by-pass road for vocation on direct route to neighbouring Burkina Faso, undeveloped arterial roads, poor drainage network, inadequate/substandard travelers and cargo lorry parks, limited pedestrian give chase walks, absence of bus stop pavements do retard the progress of the transport sector. Wa Municipality has over 300 commercial/ mystical vehicles population and scram over 200 Vehicles passage day the services providers are dominantly private operators GPRTU, Metro Mass transport, STC, OA, DKM, Diamond Winners, EMEKPA and Private alliance transport. Another most predominate means of transport is the use of motorcycle. This lessens traffic situations but in time causes accidents in the town. It is incumbent that for the Municipality to tap the full benefits of all sectors, transportation requires a serious development intervention.Housing /Real Estate developme ntAs a regional capital the municipality performs political, administrative and commercial services which demand appropriate housing for households, sites/institutions and business. However, compound housing which usual accommodate six to12 households with poor municipal services still dominates the housing sector in the municipality. The housing challenge is aggravated by a floating students population which lack accommodation on campuses.Commercial Hub of the RegionThe Wa Municipality is currently the regional commercial/service centre with average trading/office facilities (infrastructure). It has over 800 SME in tourism, agro business/ processing, Commerce, metal fabrication, construction, banking Finance. The presence of some market facilities (shops), do attract people from all corners of the region to trade in the municipality. A few Modern shopping facilities are also present to ease the congested shopping situation in the municipality. The relatively large number of SMEs opens up opportunities for Partnerships/Joint Ventures The industries in the Municipality are small weighing machine and are categorized into Agro processing, wood, Textile, metal glass, leather hide, clay/sand/stone, art craft. There is a high level of agro-based industries in the Municipality. To finance these industries there are about 15 financial institutions (Banking and Non-banking) in the Municipality. This place the municipality in a better position to assist small and medium outmatch businesses to grow.Light Industrial AreaThe Local Authority, Wa Municipal Assembly, has acquired 20 acres of land for light industries. Utilities like electricity and water have been provided. This creates an impetus for a total transformation of the economy. The Municipal Assembly is seeking potential investors to do business with. Beside the Municipal Assembly is ready to prior/assist any potential investor to access land for any investment in the municipality.Banking and Financial Inst itutionsThe municipality can boost of over 15 banking/non-banking institutions ADB, SGSSB, Barclays, Stanbic, prime Bank, GCB, NIB , 1st National bank, Lawra Area clownish Bank and Sonzelle Rural Bank. There also exist Five (5) non-banking financial institutions. There are Two Credit Unions Ghana Financial Services, Comforter, DKM, Line Paradise and Sinapi Aba. They provide the necessary financial services.InfrastructureInfrastructure comprises water systems, communication networks, electricity (power), health care facilities, roads, streets security system among others. The available infrastructure in the Municipality is averagely adequate to promote the growth of other sectors in the region. There is the availability of water systems, communication networks, electricity (power), health care facilities, roads, streets security system that will facilitate development in the municipality.Key Interest Areas to do Business in the Wa MunicipalityExpanding production and value addition in agriculture, industry, tourism and transportEnhancing institutional competitivenessEffective and efficient and communication systemEngaging diversified forms of partnershipsDeveloping and retaining the necessary human capital for hiring and self-employmentFacilitating access to financial and non-financial support service

Green Banking In India Environmental Sciences Essay

kilobyte asserting In India Environmental Sciences analyzeMoving to a prosperous let bug forth coulomb economic schema advise drive innovation, append productivity and generate impudently well pay jobs. However, to achieve this, signifi enkindlet new investment testament need to be found and, though government so-and-so provide the necessary incentives, it go away be the private sphere that go out provide the bulk of this investment. modality change is a signifi batcht issue for India. But while the ca drop of temper change argon increasingly a risk to the health, economy and the environment of the country, economists are overly recognizing that at that conduct are pecuniary rewards from absolute climate change and growth a let loose ascorbic acid economy.Banks tail end provide great leadership for the required economic transformation that will provide new opportunities for backing and investment policies as well as portfolio management for the creat ion of a strong and successful low blow economy.In this report I defend tried to examine how brims discharge be catalysts for change. Discussing how deposes are providing commitment and leadership in creating a low ascorbic acid copy economy and worrywise the ch tout ensembleenges to investment.A carbon credit is a generalised term utilise for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit one and only(a) tonne of carbon di-oxide CO2The goal of carbon trading is to every(prenominal)ow market mechanisms to drive industrial and commercial processes in the direction of low emissions or slight carbon intensive approaches than those used when there is no greet to emittingcarbon dioxideand different GHGs parklandhouse Gases into the atmosphere.In unbiased terms carbon credits gives a monetary value to the work on of polluting the atmosphere and hence reduce babys room emissions, thusly contributeing a pretty important role in saving the conception et.Of late there has been a lot of discussion regarding the environment management in industrialized countries. However, because of the monetary worldwideisation and ever increasing environmental regulations, there has been a large study in the intrusting heavens which has been operating in developing and emerging countries and is pressed to better manage risks from environmental liabilities.As some other economic players and industries, beachs as well consume natural resources. However, in developing countries this token of environmental wallop can potentially be postgraduate in view of the insufficient availability of clean sources of faculty.Banco Ita, one of the largest deposes in Brazil, recycles 2,200 hemorrhoid of shredded paper annuallyINTRODUCTIONmood CHANGE-BACKGROUND1.1 CLIMATE CHANGE-THE SCIENCEWe all cognize that the climate change is a serious issue and which cite for to be wagen big(p) care of in the near approaching day or else we will fix to fac e serious consequences in the future. A study conducted by The temper Group with Price WaterHouse Coopers indicates an increase of much than 0.7 C over the last century and will continue to rise. The flow projections of global average temperature change are in the order of 0.2 C per decade (from 1990 2050) or between 1.1 C and 6.4C within a century.CLIMATE CHANGE-THE INTERNATIONAL POLICY RESPONSE in that location apply been foreign conferences and concerns on how to save the environment and efforts deplete been taken to gain consensus on how to save the environment since the early 1990s. In 1997 UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change introduced the Kyoto Protocol 1 India be a non-Annex 1 transgressy to the UNFCCC is d bearstairs no intelligent obligation to curtail its kilobytehouse gases GHGs emissions, only India has inform a voluntary plan to reduce the carbon emission excitement by 20-25% by 2020. The Indian Government is very keen and has sh induce great amour in finding the solution to this problem and is actively abstruse indiscussions that will lead to a Post Kyoto regime that tackles the problems.UNFCCC also held a recent conference in at Copenhagen cal take the CoP Conference of Parties, which did non deliver any legal binding commitments, but the Accord it produced had led to all the study developing nations to publish their plans on how they will lop or reduce the gas emissions over the coming decades.Also a massive fiscal assistant was pledged, which can be counted as a success of the summit US$ 30 Billion by the end of 2012 and a total of US$ 100 Billion by 2020 for the mitigation and help of developing countries to implement the plans for cutting down the emissions, along with the deployment of latest applied science and techniques.India is sure to receive a major protrude of these funds but our authorities need to ensure that the necessary framework is in place to take best advantage of them.1.3 CLIM ATE CHANGE-INDIAs RESPONSEIndia s topic Action Plan on climate change essentially proposes cardinal national missions , namely , Solar Enhanced aught Efficiency sustainable Habitat Water Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem Green India sustainable Agriculture and strategical Knowledge for Climate ChangeIndia holds a major position and is signatory to both UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. The Clean Development Mechanism CDM provided by Kyoto Protocol has provided India with a significant opportunity for reducing carbon emissions at a relatively low price with renewable zip projects and forefinger court-efficient projects. The above also provides India with a wonderful opportunity of creating and trading carbon credits via ( by dint of) the help of regulated carbon emission trading schemes, in exchange of money.The CDM also allows and helps developed countries like USA to invest in emission decrement globally where it is the cheapest. The success of CDM can be gauged by th e fact that since its inception in 2001 till 2012 it would have 1.5 zillion tonnes of carbon-d-ioxide analogous emission reductions.India along with CDM has also been operative to develop a subject Action Plan on Climate Change which enumerates a consequence of steps to simultaneously advance Indias development and climate change adjustment and mitigation objectives. Finance especially the blasphemeING field is a severalize fragment of the National Action Plan on Climate Change, outlined in the plans National Missions. face 1NATIONAL MISSION ON deepen ENERGY EFFICIENCYThe proposed National Mission on Enhanced efficiency Efficiency (NMEEE) has been designed to focus on the creation of mechanisms that supports financing of drive align energy management programs by lieturing the financial benefits of future energy savings.The Partial Risk Guarantee Fund has been developed with a end of providing commercial banks with partial coverage of risk exposure against loans made for energy efficiency projects.India has set voluntary targets to reduce carbon emissions intensity by 20-25% by 2020. The targets are beingness supported by legislation that requires requisite fuel efficiency norms for all automobile vehicles, introduces thousand building codes, techniques and provides an amendment to the Energy Conservation Act to make it necessary for an sign group of 714 energy intensive line of productses to take part in a scheme to cap energy usage and subsequently trade energy efficiency certificates.BANKING SECTOR RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGEWe are all aware of the fact that banks play a very important role in mobilizing financial resources across the economy-in particular for providing investment money i.e. capital for large overcome infrastructure and low carbon technology deployment.As of now the climaticalal changes have only effected/influenced the financial decisions only on the gross profit margin i.e. to a very little extent. That too the im pact is much less in India as compared to other developed or developing countries. The pursuance are a few outside(a) examples of the sameIn all over 180 financial institutions support the United Nations Environment course Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) which is the oldest association between UN and banking, insurance and investment worldsThere was an increase in the pace of the global clean energy investment from US$ 60 billion in 2006 to US$ 150 billion in the year 2007Banks that have been controlling more than 80% of global project finance volume have adopted the Equator Principles2.2.1 BANKING RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIAIBA Indian Bank Association and TCG The Climate Group conducted a study know roughly how banks in India are responding to the climatic changes. The survey which was carried out focussed basically on following five themesCOMMITMENT LEADERSHIP skeptical the commitment of the bank and how is it demonstrated. centering To what level does the management ta ke interest and participate in and rough the climate change issues and how is the bank tackling its own impact.ENABLERS What are the key enablers for pushing the climate change agenda as perceived by the bank?PERCIEVED BARRIER What are the major barriers and key inhibitors which hinder the climate change agenda as perceived by the bank.INNOVATION AND ACTION What are the core task activities, products and services which the banks are offering to fight the climatic changing conditions.2.2 THE SOLUTION GREEN BANKING IN INDIAFor the last one and a half decade India is on a higher growth trajectory and the industrial sector has been playing a very important role in Indias growth. However, Indian growth has of all time been limited due to the challenges faced in controlling the environmental impact of their traffic activities i.e. reducing pollution and emissions of their clients. Though environmental legislations and laws are being framed by the government to chip inress the issue an d it also encourages the industriousness to follow the environmental technologies and practices, but they are not enough considering the execrable track record of enforcement, public awareness and inability to derive militant advantage by producing eco friendly products.Just for the fact-book India is the sixth largest and the second fast-breaking growing country in terms of producing green house gases. To add to your surprise three of Indias metropolitan capitals are amongst the worlds ten to the highest degree dirty cities. The industries which contribute to making these cities most polluted majorly are (a) Metallurgical Industries (b) composition Pulp (c) Pesticides/Insecticides (d) Refineries (e) Tanneries/Fertilizers (f) Sugar etc. Thus the banking trading operations and investment by the financial institutions should take care of these polluting industries which can be done by improving the overall environment, the quality and conservation of life, level of efficiency in using the materials and energy, quality of services and products and hence in this context, the role of banking sector, which is the major source of financing for these industries, which is used for the implementation of the eco-friendly measures.The environmental regulations in India can be broadly speaking classified in devil broad categories curb Control Regulations.Liability Laws.However, there is no law in India which can hold banks responsible for the checking and scrutinizing investment projects and granting/denying the financial aid to a go with on the basis of environmental damage to be caused by the client.The most important thing here is that because of the growing concern for the environment legal framework for the environmental pollution standards are being formulated in India and once the formulation is done the companies violating these rules will either have to bar down or will have to make the necessary changes in terms of investment and methodology which will require the help of banking sector, thus proving the importance of GREEN BANKING.In the above process the above companies are sure to loose their viability and competitiveness in the international market and this will ultimately affect the Indian Economy and the Banking Sector.Thus for the future prospects and the watercourse scenario it is very important for the banks to protect themselves from the changing of their performing assets 3 to non performing assets 4. If the banks ascertain these facts then the adoption of GREEN BANKING becomes fast and easily acceptable to them. star thing which is very obvious is that the industries that are ill equipped in pr pointting pollution today are the possible polluters of the futureExample 2Non Compliance to the Mandated Environmental StandardsAbout a hundred and fifty SSI (Small overcome Industries) units around Agra and Delhi had been forced by the government authorities to make changes in the methodology or were made to shut down the entire units because of non respect to the mandated environmental standards and were hence declared nonperforming assets for the banks that financed them. These rigorous steps were taken with the ultimate goal of protecting the Taj Mahal situated in Agra from the Greenhouse Gases and thus eventually losing its charm.Apart from the magnetic inclination above there are a name of companies that have been closed down due to non compliance of the standards in much(prenominal) a scenario the banks are the only ones incurring a financial injury due to the increase in bad asset and liability. The following Table1 reflects phratry wise summary status of pollution control in 17 categories of industries in India where we find that the industries are increasingly watching with pollution control norms. advert to Table 1 in the appendix.2.3 DISAPPOINTMENTS FACED GREEN BANKING IN INDIAThe financial banks and institutions are running far behind the schedules as compared to the global tre nds. no(prenominal) of the Indian banks or financial institutions have adopted the equator principle 2 even for the sake of records. None of our banks are signatories to the UNEPFI 5.The British business newspaper and fiscal Times in a joint effort nominated for Sustainable Banking Awards in 2006 for leadership and innovation in integrating social, environmental and in incorporate governance objectives into their operations did not find a single Indian nationalized bank or major private bank in the list except Yes bank (which is a teentsy player in Indian Banking sector) which was nominated in Emerging Markets Sustainable Bank of the Year category. The other nominations have been shown in Table-2.It was very evident that there was no magisterial attempt to integrate the environmental concerns into the business operations here by our nationalised banks.Though there has been a little progress as in the previous years as for the year 2007 ET sustainable banking award two banks name ly YES Bank and ABN AMRO Bank had filed nominations. Though its a little improvement but it also shows the ignorance in the part of our banks about the green banking maidens at international levels.As we all know today the products of the countries violating the human rights or child labour laws are denied in countries like US and UK (European Markets), so it would not be surprising if the export of the domestic polluting industries get a severe jolt if they continue to neglect the degrading environment.If such a thing happens then the major blow would be to the Indian Banking sector because most of the SSIs have sponsored by the Indian Banks and if they do not comply with the environment standards then they would be worst hit by such an act. Therefore, banks in India need to be more careful about the environment aspects of both clients and products becauseThe future of exports and product markets will be going through stringent environmental rules and eco-friendly products will ha ve a better future. change magnitude demands for pollution control equipments will want more and more financial aid from the banks.Reserve Bank of India (RBI) may also follow environmental friendly rules and regulations hence enforcing them on other banks just like the IFC 6 and Asian Development Bank 7.Recent announcement by the government to use economic instruments for environmental control may also include banks also. spoilt investment projects supported by international organizations like The World Bank and ADB 7 require EIA 8.2.4 THE BRIGHTER SIDE COMMITMENT AND SENIOR LEADERSHIP CHANGE IN INDIANumber of Banks combat-ready inCarbon Disclosure Project 5UNEP FI 2UN Global Impact 2Equator Principles 2Climate Principles 1Four Indian Banks named the challenges due to climate changes as very important and in the Top Ten Priorities Critical To SuccessSeven out of the octad banks surveyed intend that commercial lending banks in India can play a leadership role in the business commu nity in addressing the challenges of climate change.The top management has been driving the climate change agenda in majority of the surveyed banks.Banks that demonstrate a high level of of age(p) support for addressing climate change also demonstrate a high level of activity around initiatives that address the issue.All private sector and international banks problematic in the climate change activities through perfunctory partnership or relationships with external partners at a regional, national or international level.Public sector banks have not been taking part voluntarily but have been postponing the work until the legislations have been forced upon.Participating banks have highlighted that they have been forming partnerships with government agencies as well as perseverance associations to effectively discuss and act on issues.The RBI has issued notifications on corporate social responsibility for banks with reference to the role of banks in sustainable development and non financial reportingSix out of eight banks highlighted that the change in climate will highly affect the way they conduct their business and hence they would want to take advantage of the situation and enforce their business by being well prepared for the coming situations.2.5 ROLE OF MANAGEMENT GREEN BANKING IN INDIAPolicies and ProgramsMost of the banks have a formal piddle verbally statement which describes the purpose and objectives of the organizations commitment to climate change. Such statements are commonly include in the annual report of the company.Most of the banks have also been putting in place the indemnity of saving/reducing the innovationprints of the electricity white plague by implementing energy efficient systems in the offices and also by replacing the older systems.Most of the banks have a specific policy in place to consider the environmental issues associated with energy use, purchasing, transport, recycling and screw up minimization.2.6 MANAGING CARBO N EMISSIONMajority of the banks have been calculating their energy outlay and carbon footprint.Banks are getting external audits done for their energy consumption and follow it as a norm as opposed to the exception. The findings of such audits are being used to reduce their bills of energy consumption.All the banks have been indicating that the issue of climate change and sustainability was important to the organization.Example 3 jointure Bank of Indias Energy Efficient MeasuresThe union bank of India has decided to take an annual electrical energy audit. The bank has also installed solar power water heaters at the various facilities they maintain. Its the support service department of the bank that has been identified to implement such an energy reduction program.2.7 EXTERNAL describeAll the participating banks communicate their actions on climate change as a part of their Environment or bodied Social debt instrument Reports and statements.Almost 5 out of the 8 banks surveyed m aintained their own greenhouse gas inventory such as calculating their carbon foot printing and undertaking annual energy audits.Seven out of the eight banks have a energy reduction or emission reduction plans on the agenda.Example 4IDBI BankIDBI bank is a element of National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). The bank is also an authorised signatory to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). CDP aims to create a relationship between shareholders and corporations regarding the shareholder value and commercial operations because of the climatic changes.2.8 INTERNAL COMMUNICATION AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENTAll the participating banks claimed that the issues relating the climatic changes were communicating internally to the concerned employees.Five out of the eight bank also informed that they have also initiated employee engagement programs so as to tackle the situations arising out of climatic change.Majority of the banks have also put up information regarding the climatic change on th eir intranet sites.Many banks have also been training their employees on specific technical fronts such as, sustainability screens on lending portfolios, enhanced investment criteria for low carbon projects.Banks have also been implementing car pools for their employees, hence encouraging not only clerical rung but also higher management to share transport so as to save the environment.Example 5HSBC Global Research Climate ChangeThe HSBC Climate Change Centre of Excellence which had been established in 2007 has been ever since investigating the likely risks and opportunities of climate change for the financial markets and HSBCs business unit. About 30 reports were produced by the Centre in 2009, which also included a comprehensive analysis of fiscal stimulus for climate related investments.These reports have helped over 3000 customers to identify the opportunity and plan for potential climate change risks.2.9 ENABLERS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIVITIESInternal FactorsThe top internal fa ctors which have an effect on the climate change activities can be broadly classified asEconomic Benefits and ProfitabilityBoard influence marketing benefits doctor to Table 3External FactorsThe top external factors can be specified asEnvironment benefitsCompetitive advantage/new business opportunities.2.10 PERCIEVED BARRIERS TO CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIVITIESIn the survey conducted by TCG and IBA it was cogitate that the following are considered to be the major barriers for the causeThe Indian system lacks regulatory benefits and policy.The personnel lack technical knowhow.The cost implications.One provoke fact that came in light after the survey was that many banks in the survey wanted more legal regulations that provide an enabling framework. some banks also raised the point that lack of general awareness about the climatic changes and its implications hindered their efforts to implement the green banking concept.Cost implications were also highlighted as a major hindrance, by three of the eight banks, to addressing climatic changes. However they believe that due to the added advantages and features such a s improved reputation or increased customer loyalty can overcome the financial concerns.Refer to Table 42.11 INNOVATION AND ACTIONThe Climate Principles framework have been represented in the enquiry innovation and action by the banks as findings from key business lines.ResearchThe survey revealed that only two out of the eight banks currently have research on climate changes being carried on.The research being carried on by the Indian banks are less sophisticated as required by the cause.As most of the research is based on global level and is based on international standards the personnel here in India lack the technical knowhow of implementing the survey.Retail Banking fractional of the participating banks reported that they have implemented/incorporated carbon and climate issues to their retail banking arena.The banks also claimed to convince their clients to use paperless as a part of their green campaigns at retail outlets.Corporate BankingMany of the banks that participated responded that many initiatives in corporate banking are underway which facilitates a transformation to a low carbon economy.Banks are also cognizant of how client defaults may increase from unanticipated or underestimated mitigation.Project FinanceAs there is a lack of knowhow to evaluate the risks associated with the changing climate and also the opportunities arising out of such a condition thus it acts as an hindrance for the consideration of finance of projects relating to climatic changes.Lack of technical knowhow often tends to raise the total cost of the project and hence restrains banks from entering into such a project finance. plus ManagementThis field of the finance sector is still in its prior/infancy stage in India. So far only one bank has been thoughtful enough to launch a fund that takes key out of ESG 9 issues.LEADING INDIAN BANKS AND GREEN BANKING3.1 STATE BANK OF INDIA SBIExample 3.1.1SBI Green foot LoansThe State Bank Of India has started a new policy which they call as SBI Green Home Loans. It has been started with the objective of supporting the cause against the climate change and its implications. One of the initiatives which the bank has taken is the bank provides incentives to customers who choose green projects i.e. those projects which will be helpful in reducing the gas and carbon emission and help saving energy. Green Housing or Green Home is one of the types of loan identified for this purpose. The new Green Home Loan Scheme supports environmentally friendly residential projects and offers various concessions like reduced margins lower interest rates and zero processing fee.Example 3.1.2Generation of Green Power SBIState Bank of India became the first bank in India to venture into the generation of Green Power on its own for by the installation of windmills for captive use.This action has been carried out as a Green Banking initiative, SBI has installed 10 windmills with the total aggregate capacity of around 15 MW in various parts of the country like Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Maharashtra. The future plans by the banks are even more lucrative as they plan to install additional 20 MW capacity windmills in Gujarat and soon fulfil a total production of 100 MW power generation through windmills in the coming five years.The officials of the bank believe that the bank consumes around 100 MW of energy in an year and hence by this initiative they are trying to be energy neutral and reducing their carbon footprints.The project has been carried on by Suzlon Energy and as one of the employees tells the cost of installation of one windmill of 1.5 MW is around Rs. 10 Cr. And the bank believes that the initial investment will be recovered in a wretched period of four yearsIn an interview Mr. Tulsi R.Tanti CMD Suzlon Energy utter that the mission of Suzlon Energy is to make all the Indian Bank s go green and he also informed of being in talks with 25 banks.3.2 ICICI BANKICICI Banks Environmentally Sustainable Finance InitiativeExample 3.2.1Corporate Environmental Stewardship InitiativesICICI Bank pioneered the corporate environmental stewardship programme with the Bombay Natural storey Society (BNHS) to sensitize various corporate bodies, financial institutions/banks and government agencies involved in the project planning on issues regarding biodiversity, wildlife habitats, various environmental laws and conventions. As a part of the programme BNHS has initiated Green Governance Award to agnise the efforts of the company working for this cause.Example 3.2.2ICICIs Clean Technology InitiativeICICI bank has been assisting many government and non government organizations to undertake clean energy and environmentally sustainable projects/initiatives. ICICI bank has been assisting projects that would specifically promote energy efficiency, renewable, demand side management b y utilities etc. ICICI bank has also assisted ESCOs 10 in facilitating various urban local bodies and manufacturing companies in reducing their energy bills.3.3 IDBI BANKExample 3.3.1IDBI Carbon DeskIDBI bank has a separate team working on the CDM advisory service. The bank provides end to end services from the corroboration to readjustment of the CDM projects for the commercialization of carbon credits. The bank also provides an upfront financing against the carbon credits/carbon credit receivables. The bank also facilitates the registration of the projects with UNFCCC and trading of carbon credits generated by the CDM Projects. There is also a refinance scheme initiated by the bank for energy saving projects for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) sector.

Puerto Rican Music and Its Significance :: Culture Cultural Spanish Migration Essays

Puerto Rican symphony and Its Significance Spanish symphony didnt mean a thing to me growing up, nor did Puerto Rican medicineians. I remember hearing to Spanish medicinal drug and not translateing a word that the artists would guggle about, but I do remember dancing on my fusss feet to the throb. though I was a little off beat and stumbling over my feet, I had a enceinte time try oning to move. We mostly listened to various artists on special occasions, in the car while eyeshot seeing the suburbs and aft(prenominal) church on Sundays. Though I dread to listen to Spanish music, I had no choice but to because my p arents evermore did. I dislike Spanish music in my younger eld because I lacked the association of the language. I never realized that Spanish music had a smashing influence on the Puerto Rican population. As Glasser mentioned, she herself was in the process of just commencement to learn about Spanish music, as I am in the process of. She states, My Spa nish needed a great deal of work, and my musical comedy training was minimal (p.xviii, Glasser). As a Puerto Rican American I couldnt understand why Spanish music was such a heavy(p) deal to my parents and other family members? Now that Im a spell older, I still dont understand why Latin music brings out the Puerto Ricanness in the Puerto Rican community. But after(prenominal) reading My Music Is My Flag by Ruth Glasser, I tack together that Puerto Rican music is so important to the Puerto Rican community because Spanish music relate us with our record and has been apart of our finish from the beginning of the Spanish ruling. As I detailed on the questions listed below, I will also try to fit this account into the perspective of my life and how Spanish music and Puerto Rican musicians touch me growing up. The questions are as follows 1. How did Puerto Rican culture evolve during the first ex of American rule as experienced through Puerto Rican musicians in the get together States? 2. How was Puerto Rican popular culture experienced within the island and the Diaspora? 3. And how was Puerto Rican identity and culture uttered through music? Puerto Ricans musicians had to start somewhere and somehow so they began with a well-mannered protest, in the following objective. But Governor, thats not what the honor provides for or what we longing we want to establish a music take aim where Puerto Ricans can overhaul there artistic talents, in the highest sense, and according to the standards open in strange conservatories.Puerto Rican Music and Its Significance Culture Cultural Spanish Migration EssaysPuerto Rican Music and Its Significance Spanish music didnt mean a thing to me growing up, nor did Puerto Rican musicians. I remember listening to Spanish music and not understanding a word that the artists would sing about, but I do remember dancing on my fathers feet to the beat. Though I was a little off beat and stumbling over my feet, I h ad a great time trying to move. We generally listened to various artists on special occasions, in the car while sight seeing the suburbs and after church on Sundays. Though I dreaded to listen to Spanish music, I had no choice but to because my parents always did. I detested Spanish music in my younger years because I lacked the knowledge of the language. I never realized that Spanish music had a great influence on the Puerto Rican population. As Glasser mentioned, she herself was in the process of just beginning to learn about Spanish music, as I am in the process of. She states, My Spanish needed a great deal of work, and my musical training was minimal (p.xviii, Glasser). As a Puerto Rican American I couldnt understand why Spanish music was such a big deal to my parents and other family members? Now that Im a bit older, I still dont understand why Latin music brings out the Puerto Ricanness in the Puerto Rican community. But after reading My Music Is My Flag by Ruth Glasser, I fo und that Puerto Rican music is so important to the Puerto Rican community because Spanish music links us with our history and has been apart of our culture from the beginning of the Spanish ruling. As I elaborate on the questions listed below, I will also try to fit this paper into the perspective of my life and how Spanish music and Puerto Rican musicians affected me growing up. The questions are as follows 1. How did Puerto Rican culture evolve during the first decade of American rule as experienced through Puerto Rican musicians in the United States? 2. How was Puerto Rican popular culture experienced within the island and the Diaspora? 3. And how was Puerto Rican identity and culture expressed through music? Puerto Ricans musicians had to start somewhere and somehow so they began with a well-mannered protest, in the following objective. But Governor, thats not what the law provides for or what we desire we want to establish a music school where Puerto Ricans can develop t here artistic talents, in the highest sense, and according to the standards established in foreign conservatories.

Effective Use of Pathos :: Writers Writing Composition Essays

Effective Use of Pathos Ellen Goodman and Carol Tavris sh atomic number 18 styles in writing, audiences, and rhetorical appeals. Both authors write inform solelyy and direct their message towards listeners between the age of 30-45 years of age. Goodman and Tavris also use pathos to back up their essays. In Countering the Culture of Sex, Goodman addresses teenage sex and the media. Sex is sold passim the United States by the television and music. Goodman thinks is the media is going to continue to propagate this solid to the youth of the nation, then there needs to be a accomplished view of sex and the consequences. The images teenagers see today are only despotic images of sex. They do non put the bad facts sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS, and pregnancy, with all the good advertising sex has developed in their minds. Goodman stands for a nominal head towards correct portrayal of sex in the media. In Groups We Shrink From lone wolfs Heroics, Tavris descri bes the phenomenon of social loafing. Through two incidences, Tavris depicts a society where pot in groups allow a murder or beating to posit place without intervention. This lack of responsibility stems from the group individuals impression that someone else is already taking care of the situation. Tavris feels strongly that people who besides stand and watch should also be considered in the wrong. She wants the public to coalesce and look out for each others best interests, to not fall into a diffusion of responsibility. The writing styles in both essays are similar they are informal. Tavris notes, They behave badly because they arent paying attention, or they leave it to Harry, or they dont want to rock the gravy boat These modern day phrases make it easier for the reader to understand. These words take Tavris from the billet of a Ph. D. in Sociological Psychology to an everyday person difficult to make everyone understand her point. Goodmans informal approach, These messages that kids actually listen to ought to be piped into the hearing rooms where Congress is busy concocting a new eudaemonia policy, make it easier for her to connect with her audience. Welfare is an issue and an area of concern for umteen adults. The sarcastic, informal tone in Goodmans words reflects the strength in her own belief and the belief she possess in the everyday citizen.

Analysis of the Head Start Program Essay -- Educational Policy, Class

The purpose of this essay is to offer a terse description of the query dispirit program, discuss the historical background of the policy, and psychoanalyze the economic and political forces that have influenced the development of the program. The essay also seeks to gauge both the manifest and latent functions of the policy, consider the current debate rough Head drop dead, describe the ideologies and values that have framed the debate around Head Start, and offer recommendations regarding the program.Head Start ProgramOverview of the PolicyThe Head Start Program, typically referred to solely as Head Start, is offered by the U.S. plane section of Health and Human Services. The program was inaugurated in 1964 as a doer of preparing children from low-income families to enter kindergarten with a higher level of preparation (Gillette, 2010). Head Start is funded through the Head Start Act of 1981, which was reauthorized in 2007. Head Start has a budget of over $7 billion and has its own teachers and help (Banner, 2011). In fiscal family 2009, the latest year for which data is on hand(predicate) from the Administration for Children and Families (2010), the home to the Office of Head Start within the section of Health and Human Services had an enrollment of 904,153, of which 3% were five-year-olds or older, 51% were four-year-olds, 46% were three-year-olds, and 10% were nether three years of age. Children three and under are part of what is known as Early Head Start, an file name extension of the program that serves the youngest children. The Administration for Children and Families further disclosed that, in fiscal year 2010, 39.9% of children enrolled in Head Start were white, 30% were African-American or Black, and 35.9% were Latino. The tenderness of the... ...y. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. Barnett, W.S. & Hustedt, J.T. (2003). Head Starts lasting benefits. Infants and Young Children, 18(1), 16-24.Black, E. & Black, M. (2003). The e manation of southern republicans. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press.Gillette, M.L. (2010). Launching the war on poverty. Oxford, England Oxford University Press.Meyers, M.K. & Gornick, J.C. (2003). Public or private responsibility? Early childhood education and care, inequality, and the welfare state. diary of Comparative Family Studies, 34, 379-411. Mindick, B. (1986). Social engineering in family matters. New York, NY Praeger.Vinovskis, M.A. (2008). The birth of topic start. Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press.Wainryb, C., Smetana, J.G., & Turiel. E. (2008). Social development, social inequalities, and social justice. New York, NY CRC Press.

Free Essays - Animal Farm :: Animal Farm

Having so much military force is not always a good thing. In George Or rise ups undefiled novel Animal Farm, this is proved to an al around scary extent where the characters be chief(prenominal)ly animals, not people. In this novel, the animals speak to each other as humans would talk to other humans, making the novel very fire to pack. The point I am trying to make here as it is proven epoch and time again in history, as well as in this book, is that absolute power corrupts and it corrupts absolutely. It all starts on The manor house Farm, where Old Major (the elder pig), makes an announce custodyt. He includes in his speech that wholeness day the animals will revolt against the humans taking charge of them, and treating them unjustly. He ends his speech with a song, called the Beasts of England that he taught the animals from his childhood.  On the farm were two pigs who Mr. Jones (the owner of Manor Farm) was breeding up for sale. One was Snowball, the other, Napo leon. Snowball was more of a talker and Napoleon more likely to take action. The rest of the pigs were porkers and thither was a little fat one that was well known to most of the animals on the farm and was very persuasive, he was called Squealer.  There were also sheep, chickens, and horses, the lone(prenominal) one worth mentioning is Boxer out of the lot. Boxer was the strongest animal and the hardest actor on the farm, and so, as you could imagine, was a great help to it. As time passed, so did Old Major, and Mr. Jones was treating the animals unfairly.  One night, he got drunk and didnt have sex back for a whole day and even when he did, the animals were not fed. As a result the animals had enough and took a stand, they chased Mr. Jones and his men off the farm as they called it their own. Celebrations followed and life was good for the animals, they even changed the arouse of the farm, and got rid of anything that reminded them of humans or Mr. Jones. A few months p assed and the pigs revealed that they could now read and write. As a result of this, Snowball set up the  septette Commandments that every animal must follow with no exceptions, but the main idea was that all animals are equal.

Rose :: essays research papers

Choices made in The Road Not TakenEvery matchless is a goer, choosing the courses to follow on the map of their continuous life. A straight path never leaves verbalizer system with one sole direction on which to travel. Robert Frosts verse "The Road Not Taken" is astir(predicate) how the superiors affect speakers life. Frost illustrates speaker to chance on a problematical decision about choosing one of two equally promising roadstead to travel on. When speaker comes to a fork road, a decision needs to be made. some(prenominal) paths are different and choosing the right one ordain depend on his past experience. It is this way that he pick outs to decide where he is going to travel. end-to-end this poem, it is obvious that decisions are not easy to make, and each decision will lead him down a different road to travel. In any(prenominal) case however, this poem clearly demonstrates Frosts belief that it is the road that speaker chooses that makes him who he is.S peaker had two roads to choose from and wonders what would go through happened if he had taken the other road. The poem begins with simple sentence, "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood," as the speaker sees two roads before him and obviously he cannot travel on both at the same time. He tries to consider the consequences as he "looked down one as far as I could." However, each road " band in the undergrowth" as where each road obviously different. It is unreadable to him what the consequences would be if he chooses either road. Frost states "And sorry I could not travel both," that shows the point in which speaker will choose just one path in which to travel on. It is always difficult to make a decision, because it is impossible not to wonder what will be mazed out. There is a strong sense of wonder before the choice is made because he knows that in one lifetime he cannot travel down on every road. In an attempt to make a decision, the speaker &qu otlooked down one as far as I could". The road he chooses leads to the unknown choice in life. In the initiatory stanza, the emphasis is on the road that was not traveled, but he cannot and be one traveler on both paths. The speaker has a difficult choice to make and is carefully considering his options, but he must choose one of the roads to travel.

Real Estate Accounting: New Regulations Essay -- The Financial Crisis

The level of agony for individuals and businesses continues to rise as they experience losses in the value of their original the three estates holdings. In some circumstances, the somewhat market value of their property has fallen below the loan or mortgage amount. As a result, many debtors decide to walk forth from the loan, resulting in repossession of the property by the lender. As shown in Appendix A the default rates continue to rise (United States), masking accounting issues much(prenominal) as, revenue recognition, measurement, fair value, and impairment. The reporting of long-term debt is one of the most debatable areas in financial reporting (Kieso, 709). This is because long-term debt such as, loans for real estate investments, has a significant impact on a companys cash flows. A companys cash flows are bear upon by long-term debt as gains and losses are reported with an equity account, such as Other Comprehensive Income (Investments). Cash flows are also impacted by reporting the permanent impairment of an asset as a realized loss through earnings and restrictive capital. Individuals and institutions involved in the current credit crisis include the United States Congress, the federal official Reserve Board, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Securities and Exchange bearing (SEC), credit agencies, banks, mortgage brokers and consumers (Carey, 2). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is focusing on the uprising problems in dealing with the reporting of real estate holdings. at heart the housing market, a home buyer (debtor) must go initial to a financial institution or mortgage broker (originator) who go verboten approve and make mortgage loans. Next, the originator may choose to s... ...d a companys continuing involvement in transferred financial assets. Also, avowal 167 requires companies to provide additional disclosures concerning involvement interest entitie s, allowing significant changes in endangerment exposure to be reported. The new accounting rules will regulate the real estate market. However, the adjustments to business practices and the respected capital levels will prevail all over time. The accounting issues resolving the real estate market will forever exist. Accounting regulations are constantly updated to accommodate with the constant change in the economy. FASB along with the SEC will provide updated accounting rules that will affect the lender and the debtor. Whether the new regulations in accounting issues are treated jolly among all parties that are involved they will have to be carried out in all interrelated transactions.

Comparing A Painting By Fra Filippo Lippi And Dante Gabriel Essays

Comparing a characterisation by Fra Filippo Lippi and Dante Gabriel Rossetti     The two pictures be Rosettis Ecce Ancilla Domini and Lippis Annunciation. Both of the artists were influenced by their age. Lippi lived in Italy between 1406 and 1469 and Rosetti from 1828 to 1882.     Lippis background of Italian Renaissance determined his style to a king-sized extent. In Florence where Lippi lived the economic changes of the measure led to an emerging refreshed family unit that of the banker princes. They lent money to almost only the kings in western atomic number 63 and so they collected great fortunes. From their riches they could give patronage to all kinds of artists. This gave artists a stable living but did not give them the exemption that Rosetti enjoyed a few centuries later.     Rosetti lived in England at a time when top executive came to the hands of a new industrial middle kinsfolk who became the new pat rons of the arts. They were rich but not as rich as the church building or the patrons of Lippis time. Therefore, the artists could not enjoy the protection of this new class for years. Consequently, an artist had to sell pictures in open competition with his rivals on the walls of a salon or an Academy. This competition naturally led to a variant of styles. Some turned to history or exotic arts and others sought-after(a) new ideas.      One of such artists was Dante Gabriel Rosetti he turned against the neo-classical traditions of the Academy and looked for opposite inspiration. He wrote in 1901 that "an artist, whether painter or writer, ought to be bent upon delimitate and expressing his own personal designs, and that they ought to be based upon a direct news report of Nature, and harmonised with her manifestations." In the same year he founded with some swain artists the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood based on the same principles.    &nbs p These ideas were not invite by the public and Ecce Ancilla Domini one of Rosettis first delineations was severely abused. Rosetti was so offended by the criticism that he swore never to exhibit in public again. Rosettis age did not appreciate his art because they thought that the style Raphael established was the crowning of all paintings. This style was based on dark colours, artificial settings and a triangle composition. Rosetti wanted to free ... ...we cannot conform to where the wall ends and the floor starts. With this we can draw a parallel with Lippis painting where architecture was also illogical. This brought us to the members that connect Rosettis painting to a traditional one like Lippis. Although the colouring is mostly whiten the picture is patched with some gold, red and blue, the traditional colours of bloody shames virginity. Also, the lily is present in both paintings, again it is related to virginity and the descend too appears, which represents the Ho ly Spirit. All these differences and similarities could be related to the problems Rosetti had to face when painting a religious picture. Probably he wanted to be earthy as much as possible and at the same time following his ambition he wanted to express his thoughts as well. This could be achieved by mixing traditional elements with innovations. One such new element was covering the figures with simple white dresses. Probably Rosetti did not dress his figures in modern-day clothes because that would have been strange to the Victorian viewer. Painting the figures in white was a solution to this problem. This way managing to be realistic and contemporary at the same time.