'Human Papillomavirus Essay\r'

'The human papillomacomputer computer computer virus (HPV) has been establish as a red-blooded flold agellum to public health among the cozyly energetic voice youth of America. HPV is a commons versedly transmitted disease that primarily affects women. It is to a fault liable for thousands of malignant neoplastic disease tie in deaths all(prenominal) year. in that location atomic number 18 about 20 million Ameri endures each year that atomic number 18 presently infected with HPV and n archaean 5 million people leave contract brand-newly infected this year with the virus.\r\nThere are over degree Celsius contrary strains of HPV, how eer only four are primarily responsible for causing substantial health complications such as venereal warts and cervical crabmeat. Nevertheless, recent efforts to eliminate these near governing strains engage proven to be super victorious with the development of a unique vaccinum that can confront an extraordinary level of ef ficiency. As a result, the pervasiveness of HPV has begun to slowly dwindle, but the virus mum continues to violently infect millions of sexually fighting(a) individuals who still remain unexposed to proper vaccination.\r\nOf the cytosine different HPV strains, types 16 and 18 have been proven to cause cervical cancer. Although cervical cancer is able to be rule outed, it is the siemens most common gynecologic cancer worldwide and the third most common cancer amongst women in the United States. In 2008 alone, 11,070 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed in the United States, and among these, 3,870 cases were fatal (Linton 235).\r\nIn lay to impressively protect themselves, it is necessary that women a great deal get under ones skin regular cervical cancer natural coverings and titty tests to detect either precancerous lesions early on and subsequently pr withal sot any instance of encroaching(a) cervical cancer from taking a potentially fatal course. Ultimately , the incidence and mortality evaluate of cervical cancer are such(prenominal) higher among women who do not obtain these regular wakes.\r\n soft diet testing is an strong strategy for reducing the danger of invasive cervical cancer. Pap denigrate screening involves taking cells from the cervix to recognise the nominal head of any abnormal or precancerous cells. In an effort to invade the growth number of cervical cancer cases among green women in the United States, the Center for illness Control recommends that women receive a Pap test within the first cardinal geezerhood following their first sexual encounter (Roland 8).\r\nMoreover, since the virus infects women ages 14 †24 more prevalently than any other age group, it is vital that e real woman receives at least one pap smear before they reach 21 years of age, followed by regularly scheduled annual screenings until the age of 30 (Roland 9). In doing so, new-fangled women can substantially decrease the prep onderance of the virus while excessively lessen their risk of contracting cervical cancer through early spotting of the cellular abnormalities caused by HPV.\r\nFurthermore, recent studies have shown that even the mere act of performing a Pap smear can set off an inflammatory, immunologic response to HPV which subsequently initiates the dust’s defense mechanisms that could potentially cart track to clearance of the virus. As a result, Pap testing has proven to be an extremely effective method for reducing the incidence of cervical cancer among women exposed to the virus (Roland 9).\r\nIn addition to HPV prevalence among women, the virus can also affect the general health of infected young-begetting(prenominal)s. Although the manly is for the most part considered an asymptomatic â€Å"silent” carrier of HPV, the virus can produce lesions or warts on the male genitalia and can even lead to penile cancer (Rosa 1032). However, currently there is no cost effective test designed to detect the virus in male carriers. The only methods of sleuthing consist of a peniscopy followed by a second-generation Hybrid Capture test. In this process, acetic acid solution is used to identify any lesions on the genitals so that a biopsy can be taken from all infected areas (Rosa 1033).\r\nUnfortunately, this manner of detection is far too complex to be performed on a mass scale. Consequently, male carriers continue to spread HPV unknowingly to their sexual partners and subsequently increase the prevalence of the virus throughout the sexually active union. delinquent to this asymptomatic spread of the virus by male carriers, it is paramount that a male vaccine is developed to further combat the growing prevalence of HPV among young sexually active individuals.\r\nOn June 8th 2006, the FDA introduced Gardasil, a gender specific quadrivalent vaccine which prevents the sign infection of the four most dominant and high risk HPV types, 6, 11, 16, and 18. Cons equently, the vaccine not only directly prevents the development of cervical cancer in women but also defends against the lower risk types 6 and 11, which are generally known for causing genital warts in both genders. The Gardasil vaccine is very unique because it appears to be the only 100 percent effective vaccination ever created.\r\nFurthermore, there is no live real(a) inside the vaccine. Instead, it is made up of the virus-like proteins which covering the outer portion of the HPV virus. The vaccine cannot regale individuals already infected with the virus, but it will protect the infected female from attaining any of the other strains in the vaccine (McLemore 559). The vaccination is a three dose process, with review article doses at two and six calendar month intervals from initial vaccination.\r\nFurthermore, the observed side make are minimal but can include fever, nausea, respiratory tract infection, insomnia, and several(prenominal) other complications. Ultimately, t he Gardasil vaccine is recommended for women ages 9 †26 in an attempt to effectively decrease the prevalence of HPV among the sexually active community and also directly lower the related incidence of cervical cancer in young women (McLemore 559).\r\nHowever, even with the development of this vaccine the human papillomavirus still continues to infect millions of Americans and is responsible for thousands of cervical cancer deaths each year. It is short paramount that young sexually active women not only become immunize with Gardasil, but also continue to fight down regular Pap test screenings annually with their doctor.\r\nIn doing so, women can substantially boil down their incidence of cervical cancer and effectively fight to combat the growing prevalence of the HPV virus in the United States. Ultimately, the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer are much higher among women who do not obtain these regular screenings, and therefore fail to identify HPV abnorm alities and precancerous cells early in their development.\r\nREFERENCES\r\nLinton, D.M. (2009). Cervical cancer screening interval. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 13(2): 235-7.\r\nRoland, K.B., Benard, V.B., Saraiya, M., Hawkins, N.A., & axerophthol; Brandt, H. (2009). Assessing cervical cancer screening guidelines in patient role education materials. Journal of Women’s Health. 18(1): 5-12.\r\nMcLemore, M.R. (2006). Gardasil: introducing the new human papillomavirus vaccine. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 10(5): 559-60.\r\nRosa, N.T., De Carvalho, J.J., & Syrjanen, K.J. (2007). Identification of males at increased risk for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among patients referred for urological consultation. Norse Journal of Infectious Diseases. 39(11-12): 1029-37.\r\n'