Fitt’s and Posner’s Phases of Learning Essay

Describe Fitts and Posners phases of erudition and explain how you would structure practises to raise a pull aheadanceIn this essay I all(prenominal)ow for explain Fitts and Posners phases of training and how I would structure practises to invoke per relieve singleselfance.By practising a adroitness we basis nonplus better. Fitts and Posner theories were that e very(prenominal)one has to go by dint of details of training, know as the cognitive, associative and self-governing stages of hold ining. Depending how salutary a person is at a charactericular shoot a line, they will fall into a certain category. An suit of this is Wayne Rooney. At a young age he was introduced to foot wrap and played amateur football from a young age, nice one of the youngest strikers in football history.However by acquire a expertness in genetic mutation involves the cultivation of adroitnesss by practice. An example of this is dead reckoning practise you finish only become g ood by practising to kick the ball in between goalposts. Until a person becomes confident enough that they score a goal, they will naturally fall into the next category.The three stages of nailing raise be divided into two main categories associationists and cognitivists. Associationists views learning of a sport as the consociate of particular input signal and particular responses. Cognitivists energize break it as a function of the brain, where we learn through the dread and knowledge of the sport. in that location argon 3 stages of learning agree to Fitts and Posner. They beCognitivevassociativevAutonomousCognitiveThis is the sign stage of learning and is essential if the prentice is to process successful through the new(prenominal)(a) stages and is to melt a stage where the skill mint be practiseed.The cognitive stage involves formation of a mental gene commit of a skill. The most efficient direction is from a demonstration, which allows them to see the dia gnose requirements and to rick through the performance mentally. Visual commission is one of the best ways to sack others understand, and so that the person learning maintain the bounce see the coiffe method to perform the skill. They will then attempt to perform. victor rate is usually 2/3 out of 10. The cognitive stage initially concentrates more on the skill, rather than the game. on that point is a lack of control and consistency. attempt and error is also a key way to learn. Reinforcement of this can be by giving positive feedback.Questions will arise when learning skills of a sport if the skill is not correctly learnt. The scholar will be confronted with some very specific, cognitively oriented problems. Examples of this are, How do I score? What is the aim of this game? If so, where are the positions for instrumentalists? If the mental picture is not correct the skill will not develop. It is authorised that the coach explains very thoroughly what is indispens abl e-bodied of distributively athletic supporter.AssociativeLearning at the associative stage means that the skill is becoming more logical, but thither are still some errors. The wide-eyed element of the skill has been grasped however the means still refers back to the mental picture. The actor can beget to detect errors and begin to realise his/her mistakes. Feedback should encourage a spirit of a well performed skill. This means that the instrument will begin to enjoy the sport. succeeder rate is 5/7 out of 10. Verbal guidance is essential as it is used in the associative stage. nearly people never exceed this phase. An example of this is a semi- passkey shot-put thrower. Some actors return to the cognitive stage to refer to the mental doubling of the skill. Also, some professional players return from autonomous stage to the associative stage if they keep back an injury they carry to work heavy and rise up to the expected threadbare of an autonomous performer.Auton omousLearning at the autonomous stage is where the skill is through without conscious thought. The movements of the performer are fluent, consistent and athletically pleasing. in that location is an advanced stage of learning where the elements of the skill have become part of retentive term memory and are automatically produced in response to a an appropriate stimulus.The skill is automatic. The attention of the performer focuses on the next movement, for example tactics. pursuant(predicate) practise is required to reinforce existence at the autonomous stage.Success rate is 9/10 out of 10. In tennis for example a player would be able to perform a serve whilst contemplating what their opponent will do next, rather than being focusing on the technical side of the serve.Not all performers reach the autonomous stage in all skills. For those who do, if practise is not hold revision to the associative stage will occur. Closed skills much(prenominal) as throwing events can be finely tuned so that a risque level of performance can be produced.Learning in its simplest form is the development of a position where we cant perform a skill to a stage where we can perform it.Knapp, 1973The quote means that learning is a more or less ineradicable change in performance brought nearly by experience. Knapp is refering that once something is learnt, it remains with us, olibanum supporting the statementOnce you learn to ride a bike, you never hinder.Learning in sport involves the development of skills through practice, hence the saying exercise makes perfect.Fitts & Posner recognised that as we learn, we do not move this instant from cant to can. They suggest that the learning process is sequential we move through specific stages/phases as we learn.These stages are hierarchal, in other words each stage must be passed through before the next one is achieved.Ivan Pavlov was a scientist who conducted experiments on the response of dogs. He taught them that when a be ll was rung, the dogs would learn to understand that it was magazine to eat. These findings link into Fitts and Posners phases of learning because a particular response with a stimulus can give a spacious benefit to sports performances. This approach can be used to mentally prepare the supporter for the sport. The player may be taught reverse into the zone whilst walking onto the pitch. However in ordinate to achieve this, the player would need to gradually progress to that level of in condition(p) stimulus.In order to teach and modify somebodys skills at a sport, I would structure a 6 week Personal Exercise create by mental act (or PEP). A PEP would back up amend the skill of the performer, and assistant the learner to enhance their performance. This way the performer can test to see how long it takes him to master one specific skill. As a flight simulator I would encourage the performer and give feedback and give a clear understanding to the performer what they are doing r ight and wrongfulness. Doing something wrong doesnt mean its negative feedback it would only acknowledge the performer on how to improve, becoming more successful. I would ensure that the performer practices the skill consistently and monitor all improvements in their ability.In a professional football affect I would help keep the players to the standard that is required by making them do drills as a team. Warm-ups are essential as they hold muscles getting damaged. I would also make sure that the huskiness of the players is always high this can be achieved by the make run.In a tennis match the athlete must be able to complete a full match. There are no substitutions so the athletes stamina must be high. By hit a ball for a long period of time every other turn there must be a large amount of amphetamine body strength. In order to help the athlete achieve this, the coach should amaze the athlete physical training such as sprints, press-up, sit-ups and bicep curls. Technique i s needed when serving, volleying as being able to retain equipoise quickly is essential. An example of this is Andre Agassi.he concentrate more on physical instruct than in the past and became one of the fittest players on the tour. His upper-body strength allowed him to bench press 350 lb (159 kg), which helped him retain pace on his shots lately into a match, as well as adding to his serve power. He had remarkable courage and rarely appeared tired on court.golf game is a sport where the athlete has to be very concentrated on the game. Having a perfect technique allows one to contend to a high level. In order to help raise parsimoniousness levels the coach must remove all arrest and put the athlete in a confident frame of mind. To help an athlete raise concentration before a game the coach could give the athlete a structured diet. Junk provender will slow down the concentration rate. Tiger Woods had a defective putting strike so he went home and perfected it.Well, thats o ne of the worst putting weeks Ive had in a long time, very frustrating. When I get home I am going to practise until I get it right.References* Advanced P.E for Edexcel Heinemann* http//nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html.* http//www.answers.com/topic/andre-agassi* http//www.asapsports.com/show_interview.php?id=410149